Private placement fund refers to a fund raised privately or directly from a specific group. The corresponding Public Offering of Fund is Public Offering of Fund. People usually say that funds are mainly mutual funds, that is, securities investment funds. Divided from the research paradigm, there are three main analysis methods of securities investment: basic analysis, technical analysis and evolution analysis. These three analytical methods are based on completely different theoretical systems and logical structures, and their main research objects only focus on a specific aspect or category of market operation, all of which have their rationality and limitations, but they are essential for comprehensively understanding and deeply exploring the laws of market operation. They depend on different theoretical bases, premises and paradigm characteristics, which are interrelated and have important differences in practical application. Among them, basic analysis belongs to general economic paradigm, technical analysis belongs to mathematics or Newton paradigm, and evolutionary analysis belongs to biology or Darwin paradigm. Private equity funds in a broad sense include private equity funds in addition to securities investment funds. In China's financial market, "private fund" or "underground fund" is usually a collective investment that is privately raised by specific investors, as opposed to the securities investment fund that is supervised by the competent department of China government and publicly issues beneficiary certificates to unspecified investors. There are basically two ways, one is a contractual collective investment fund based on signing the entrusted investment contract, and the other is a corporate collective investment fund based on * * * contributing shares to establish a joint-stock company. The operation mode of private equity fund is equity investment, that is, through capital increase and share expansion or share transfer, the shares of unlisted companies are obtained, and profits are made through share value-added transfer. The characteristics of equity investment include:

1. The return on equity investment is very rich. Unlike creditor's rights investment, which earns a certain percentage of interest income from invested capital, equity investment obtains dividends from the company's income according to the proportion of capital contribution. Once the invested company is successfully listed, the profit of private equity investment fund may be several times or dozens of times.

2. Equity investment is accompanied by high risks. Equity investment usually needs to go through several years of investment cycle, and because it is invested in developing or growing enterprises, the development risk of the invested enterprises themselves is very high. If the invested enterprise ends in bankruptcy, the private equity fund may lose all its money.

3. Equity investment can provide all-round value-added services. Private equity investment not only injects capital into the target enterprise, but also injects advanced management experience and various value-added services, which is also a key factor to attract enterprises. While meeting the financing needs of enterprises, private equity investment funds can help enterprises improve their management ability, expand procurement or sales channels, integrate the relationship between enterprises and local governments, and coordinate the relationship between enterprises and other enterprises in the industry. All-round value-added services are the highlight and competitiveness of private equity investment funds.