The ammunition used in the exercise is basically live ammunition, but there are several types of bullets and shells. In exercises conducted between real people, blank ammunition is mostly used, which will not cause harm to personnel.
When conducting exercises against a fixed target or military facility, live ammunition is generally used.
Because there are no personnel operating in the target area, there will not be much danger.
When conducting joint exercises of various services and arms, high-tech equipment will be used to make calculations in advance and ensure time differences to prevent accidental injuries during the exercise.
As for what the person above said, it’s basically watching too much TV.
In fact, the exercises are not that simple, and some of them are not prepared in advance.
If everything was prepared in advance, then this exercise would lose its meaning.
Only by adapting to circumstances can we calmly face various emergencies during the exercise.
There are many types of military exercises, but "confrontational exercises" are basically no longer conducted. Nowadays, "test exercises" and "research exercises" are often used.
Both of these exercises are "real" exercises with live ammunition, real explosions, and real troops.
This is what people call the "three realities" exercise.
The organization and conduct of the exercise reflected high art.
First, organizational work is very complex.
Nowadays, military exercises are all joint exercises of multiple arms, and the workload of organization, coordination and mutual cooperation is quite heavy.
The commander is required to be clear-headed and react decisively.
Second, accidental injuries are prone to occur.
It is difficult to avoid accidental injuries during major military exercises, and this is true for the armies of all countries.
In order to prevent accidents, careful planning and adequate preparations must be made (the preparation period for major military exercises is very long, usually three to six months, such as Sino-Russian joint military exercises, etc.); strict discipline must be observed (the preparation period for major military exercises is very long, usually three to six months, such as Sino-Russian joint military exercises, etc.);
Fight when ordered, and stop when asked. After all, the exercise is not actual combat and can be suspended); coordination must be organized repeatedly (coordinate with individual soldiers and bicycles, start shooting at a certain hour, and stop at a certain hour, etc.).
There are strict regulations on what targets to hit, how many shells and bullets to hit, the timing and direction of equipment movement, etc.); various safety measures must be formulated.
Only in this way can the effectiveness of the exercise be guaranteed and accidents prevented.
In military exercises, the director who organizes the exercise shoulders an important task, which is to determine the outcome. In order for the exercise to achieve an effect close to actual combat, the refereeing method must be scientific and reasonable. In modern military exercises, refereeing is mainly carried out through qualitative and quantitative methods.
Qualitative analysis is generally used to make a macro-evaluation of the tactical ideas and tactics of the red and blue sides (both sides of the exercise are composed of red and blue sides).
And when specifically judging the outcome of a certain confrontation.
In order to truly simulate the combat effectiveness and attrition of troops on the battlefield, the director must use mathematical methods to conduct quantitative analysis.
For example, during a military exercise, an 85th Cannon Battery of the Red Army attacked a Blue Army tank position 1,000 meters away.
The director's department will use mathematical methods to make the decision like this: The Red Army's firepower is 6 Type 85 cannons, and the firing time is 5 minutes. Calculated as each gun fires 4 rounds per minute, the entire company fires 72 rounds. According to < Firearms hit rate and damage rate 〉〉 It can be seen that the hit rate of this throw in direct-aimed shooting at 1000 meters is 56% and the damage rate is 33%. According to the formula "number of rounds fired by direct-aimed artillery * direct-aimed hit rate * direct-aimed damage rate = destroy target "Counting" shows that the Red Army's tanks destroyed 14 Blue Army tanks. In this way, the director can make specific judgments on the red and blue double counterattacks: after the Red Army shelling, 14 tanks in the Blue Army's defensive position were "destroyed" and withdrawn from the exercise. The Blue Army soldier declared "death". However, this single weapon power calculation cannot simulate the ever-changing modern battlefield. Therefore, in confrontation exercises, the situations that require refereeing cannot be so simple. When encountering complex situations of participating arms and weapons, the director's department That's how it's judged. For example, during an exercise, the Red Army detachment attacked the Blue Army high ground. Can the Red Army capture the high ground? The director's department first analyzed and calculated the firepower of both sides: 21 Red Army assault rifles [firepower index 1], 3 mixed machine guns [firepower index 3], 3 40 rocket launchers [firepower index 9], Type 59 medium tanks [firepower index] 34}2 vehicles, 2 82 recoilless rifles {firepower index 10]; the Blue Army garrison strength is 6 assault rifles {firepower index 1}, 1 squad machine gun {firepower index 3}, 40 rocket launchers {firepower index} 9}1 vehicle, 1 infantry fighting vehicle {firepower index 28}, and 1 anti-tank missile {firepower index 30}. Through calculation, the Red Army firepower index is 148, and the Blue Army firepower index is 77. In actual combat, firepower only affects A factor in victory or defeat, so the director must consider the comprehensive factors on the battlefield to come to the conclusion: Red Army combat effectiveness = Firepower index 148 * Tactical level 1.3 * Tactical nature Attack 1 = 192.4. Blue Army combat effectiveness = Firepower index 77 * Tactical defensive nature 2.5*Hills 1.1*Defense preparation time 1*tactical level 0.7=148.225. Therefore, the director can make a judgment: the Red Army’s comprehensive combat effectiveness index is greater than that of the Blue Army, and the Red Army can capture the high ground. The Blue Army fails to defend and withdraws from the exercise. Guard the high ground. The "death" of the Blue Army soldiers was "dead" or "captured." The "death" of the personnel was also determined by the director's department based on the statistics of the shells and bullets fired by both sides.