Soviet aid during the Great Revolution

Under the impetus of * * * Production International, the first cooperation between China * * * Production Party and Kuomintang was realized. After China's * * * Production Party joined the Kuomintang at the request of * * * Production International, the Soviet government provided assistance to the China Kuomintang led by Sun Yat-sen and the Guangzhou Revolutionary Government. ..

1923 In March, at the request of Sun Yat-sen, the Soviet government provided nearly 2 million Mexican silver dollars in financial assistance to the Guangzhou Revolutionary Government. And sent five military advisers to Guangzhou. In the autumn of the same year, at the request of Sun Yat-sen, the first batch of Soviet military experts arrived in Guangzhou, accompanied by Soviet representative Bao Luoting. After that, a large number of Soviet military advisers arrived in China to support the revolution. According to the existing incomplete list, more than 100 Soviet military advisers and experts have come to China successively. But in fact, the number of Soviet consultants coming to China is much larger.

Soviet aid during the Agrarian Revolutionary War

Generally speaking, during this period, the economic assistance from international producers and the Soviet Union to producers in China was mainly financial assistance. But at the same time, it also supported China producers in some important technologies. For example, Gailis, director of the Far East Bureau, mentioned in the letter 1930 10: "It is required to use 10000 US dollars to help China * * producers set up transportation routes from Shanghai to the Soviet area, hold training courses for radio operators and purchase radio equipment." This played an important role in the development of radio technology in China and the Red Army.

Soviet aid during War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period.

The July 7th Incident broke out 1937, and Japan invaded China in an all-round way. At that time, only the Soviet Union was willing to support China's funds and weapons on a large scale.

At the end of 1937, the Soviet Union sent a large number of military advisers and technical experts to China. According to the data, during the Soviet Union's aid to China, there were more than 300 military advisers assisting China. Together with experts and technicians, the number exceeds 3000. During the advisory period, most of China's battle plans for major battles against Japan were made with the participation of Soviet military advisers. Soviet technicians helped build a large number of national defense fortifications.

In the air force, artillery, tanks and other technical arms, the role of Soviet consultants and instructors is irreplaceable.

In addition to military advisers, the Soviet Union also sent volunteer aviation teams to China to directly participate in the war against Japan. 1October 22nd, 1937, 10, the first batch of air forces and planes supporting China arrived in China, including a fighter brigade and a bomber brigade, with 254 pilots and staff. From 1937 to the beginning of 1942, the Soviet Union sent more than 2,500 air force personnel and 1280 aircraft to China. More than 5,000 pilots and ground engineers came to China.

Soviet aid during the War of Liberation

At first, when the Kuomintang and the Communist Party sent troops to recover the Northeast, the Eighth Route Army, which had entered the Northeast in the early days, got a batch of weapons and ammunition with the help of the Soviet garrison. How many weapons did the Eighth Route Army get? The only comprehensive figures that can be seen later are those reported to the Central Committee by Chen Yun, Gao Gang and Zhang Wentian1October 30th,1945+065438-"65438+100,000 guns".

1946 from March to April, the Soviet union withdrew its troops from the northeast and resumed secret arms delivery to China. The Northeast Democratic Allied Forces are only equipped with 340,000 light weapons, nearly 200,000 guns and 700 guns of all kinds. About 200,000 guns were obtained here.

1947, the PLA got a batch of weapons with the help of the Soviet army. In a letter to Stalin on February 28th, 1947, Lin Biao said, "We equipped 30 infantry regiments and 2 mountain artillery battalions with the weapons you gave us." Later, the Soviet Union provided 2,000 wagons of weapons to the Northeast Liberated Area through Korea.

Soviet aid during the Korean War

When the Korean War broke out, China's comprehensive national strength was very weak. 195 1 In the first quarter, the ammunition needed in the Korean battlefield was 14 1 10,000, while the domestic military production capacity was only10.5 million tons. Chinese people's Volunteer Army, which entered the DPRK at that time, had a single arms structure and backward weapons and equipment. It is impossible for China to fight modern battlefields with such weapons and equipment.

Behind this is the massive assistance from the Soviet Union in the same period. /kloc-around 0/950, when the western countries completely blocked new China, the Soviet Union was the only country willing to provide large-scale assistance to China.

Soviet aid during the honeymoon period between China and the Soviet Union

China government is determined to adopt the Soviet model and take the development road of giving priority to heavy industry, giving priority to military industry, supplemented by civil and light industry. According to the national conditions of China at that time, Soviet experts made suggestions for China's first five-year plan. 1952, China and the Soviet Union decided to build 50 key industrial projects. 1954, China and the Soviet union finally decided to build 156 key industrial projects, including the famous Anshan iron and steel plant and Shenyang aircraft factory.

Of the 150 projects that were finally put into construction, there were 106 civil enterprises and 44 national defense enterprises. 106 private enterprises, except 50 in the northeast, are mostly located in the central and western regions, including 29 in the central region and 2/kloc-0 in the western region.

Soviet aid in three years of difficulties

1959, China and the Soviet Union became enemies, and the Soviet Union withdrew most of its aid and personnel to China. In the difficult period of the following three years, there has been a saying that the Soviet Union "forced debts". However, in the first half of 196 1, the Soviet Union began to partially resume its national defense and economic assistance to China.

1 961On February 27th, Khrushchev sent a letter to Mao Zedong, proposing to provide China with110,000 tons of grain and 500,000 tons of Cuban sugar in the form of loans. On March 8th, Zhou Enlai made an oral reply to the Soviet ambassador on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, thanking Khrushchev for his kindness. However, due to the "competition for competition" and unwilling to be controlled by the Soviet Union, the Central Committee of China only agreed to accept Cuban sugar and expressed its willingness to use Soviet grain as a reserve.

Soviet aid in three years of difficulties

Among the technical equipment exported by Ukraine to China, the sale of the aircraft carrier "Varyag" is a landmark event in the field of military cooperation between China and Ukraine. China and China have close cooperation in the short board of China's military industry-engines of aircraft, ships and tanks, including tankers, power systems of large and medium-sized surface ships, power systems of helicopters, carrier-based aircraft design technology, large transport aircraft design technology, supersonic advanced trainer, tank engines and air-to-air missiles. Until the Crimean crisis broke out in 20 14, Ukraine was still producing the heavy-duty European bison air-cushion landing ship for China, and the technology was made in China.