When Bernard Shaw was young, Wanda Lille Lee, who studied music theory, shared a house with them. Influenced by his neighbors who studied music, Bernard Shaw became fascinated with music. 13 years old can blow out many excellent opera fragments.
1870 parents separated. Bernard Shaw, 15 years old, had to drop out of school because of family difficulties after graduating from Dublin American-Israeli Missionary Middle School. In order to make a living, he apprenticed to Thomson Real Estate Company in Dublin.
187 1 year, worked as a clerk in a real estate company and then worked as an accountant.
1876, parents divorced. George Bernard Shaw bid farewell to her elderly father, left her poor hometown of Ireland and came to London with her mother. Young Bernard Shaw has no job, lives on his mother's meager salary and is very eager to find a satisfactory job. He first got a job in the foreign affairs department of Edison Telephone Company, but the company soon closed down. He was introduced to write music reviews in The Bumblebee, but the newspaper also stopped publishing soon. Desperate Bernard Shaw tried to make a living by writing, but failed. Then he wrote five novels, all of which were rejected by 60 publishing houses, which made him even more depressed. In 9 years, the remuneration was only 6 pounds, of which 5 pounds was the remuneration for writing drug advertisements. 1876- 1898 worked as a reporter in London. The Star and Saturday Review have written many commentary articles about music and drama. 1879, the first novel Immature was rejected by the reviewers of Capmann Hall Bookstore. Under the influence of Ibsen, he always opposed Wilde's thought of "art for art's sake" and vigorously advocated and created "new drama" with the theme of discussing social issues.
1In September, 884, he listened to a speech by henry george, the author of the American book Progress and Poverty, and was deeply inspired. From then on, I began to pay attention to social and economic issues and read Marx's Capital. 1884, the improved Fabian Society was established, and Bernard Shaw joined it and became one of the organizers. Published the novel Amateur Socialist, sharply criticizing capitalism.
/kloc-in the 0/9th century, English dramas were depressed, and Bernard Shaw ridiculed them as "candy shops" catering to low tastes. He believes that drama should rely on the conflict of opposing ideas and the debate of different opinions. But after listening to the critic recite Ibsen's play Perkin, he felt that "in an instant, the magic of this great poet opened my eyes." I became interested in drama, settled down to study Ibsen's plays, and wrote the book The Essence of Ibsen, which has an important position in the history of European drama. Under the influence of Ibsen, Bernard Shaw regards drama as a weapon, which can not only sweep away the filth on the British stage, but also express his dissatisfaction with this dark reality. So he is determined to reform English drama.
Bernard Shaw sponsored William Shute's The Art of Criticism and joined the censor of Bomai Line on 1885. In other journals, including Drama Review, Street Corner and Belle Shopping Center Bulletin, his signature is "Golden Bauhinia Star". In the same year, he began to write novels Cacheur Byron's Occupation and Unreasonable Marriage. Started to collaborate with William Hong in drama creation. Due to lack of coordination, the script finally ran aground.
1888, revolutionary tutor Marx's daughter Elena invited him to participate in the amateur performance of Ibsen's famous play A Doll's House. William Archer, a drama critic, recited Ibsen and Pergent to him, and Bernard Shaw began to study Ibsen.
189 1 published Ibsen's drama creation criticism "The Essence of Ibsen".
1892 officially started writing drama. His first drama collection is Unhappy Drama Collection, which includes three plays: Widower's Property, Mrs. Warren's Occupation and The Wanderer. The second drama series contains four dramas, "Weapons and People"; The third drama series, the Puritan Drama Collection, contains three plays, the disciples of the devil. His plays really changed the gloom of the British stage at the end of 19, and he himself became an innovator in the field of drama, turning a new page in the history of British drama.
1893 published a drama "Dangzi" about women's issues.
Published in 1994, it is a compilation of three plays, The Widower's House, The Wanderer and Mrs. Warren's Occupation, and the first collection of Bernard Shaw's plays, The Unpleasant Plays, has also been published.
From 1895 to 1898, in his friend Frank Harris's Arm and Man, he pointedly pointed out the reality and hypocrisy of the Victorian drama stage and was regarded as a drama critic.
1896 completed the drama Saturday Review, touching on the disintegration of the bourgeois family. Bernard Shaw got married, and marriage changed some of his living habits. The only constant is his love of drama. He has written many excellent works such as Unpredictable, Another Island of the British, Major Barbara, Pi Daurion, A Sad Home, Joan of Arc and so on.
1897 published two plays, Kong Di Tan and Disciples of the Devil.
The fourth crew of Kong Di Tan, Arms and Man, and Man of the Hour became Bernard Shaw's second drama collection, Unpredictable. Happy drama and the transformation of the devil's disciples and captain Brabender. The third drama collection, Bernard Shaw, Caesar and Cleopatra, expresses the author's indignation at the imperialist aggressive policy.
Bernard Shaw's music works are very popular because they are easy to understand. His music comments have been included in the music collection. Bernard Shaw advocated Ibsen's realistic plays and hated the Victorian public.
At the beginning of the 20th century, in order to meet the requirements of the literary revolution, the plays of Ibsen, Strindberg, Bernard Shaw, etc. At that time, it was systematically translated and introduced, and many progressive young people were stirred by the ideological trend of "democracy and science". With the slogan of opposing China's traditional drama and commercialized "civilized new drama" and advocating "loving American drama", they set up drama research institutions and amateur drama groups, and actively organized newspapers and small performances. Hong Shen, one of the founders of China's plays at that time, was deeply influenced by Bernard Shaw's plays.
Three plays for Puritans were published in England at 1900 and 19 14 respectively, but they were written at 188 1. In the chatty and frivolous atmosphere of Victorian upper-class members, young Xiao introduced his practical and sincere views on art, romantic love and marriage He thinks that love and marriage settle down, but it is too tiring for truly talented artists to work with them to adapt to this model. Jack Owen, the protagonist in the novel, is a musical genius, a little crazy and completely loses social etiquette. From a bad start, he rose to fame and became a tourist attraction and social celebrity, even though he was always shy.
Love of American Artists was published in 1900.
Bernard Shaw mentioned in his drama text that a complete drama text and preface can be found in his works and his first performance. Xiao started writing in 1885, and The Transformation of Captain Brassband was his first play. He collaborated with critic William Archer and provided the structure. Later Archer decided that Bernard Shaw couldn't write the script, so he gave up the project. A few years later, Bernard Shaw tried again, and finished The Widower's House at 1892, fighting alone without cooperation.
1903, he published the first natural philosophy book "The Widower's House".
1907 published the historical drama "Man and Superman-Comedy and Philosophy".
From 1904 to 1907, his plays premiered at London Palace Theatre, Caesar and Cleopatra and Harry Verbeke. His new play was first staged at the Palace Theatre in Vedrine.
1908, he published a drama about family and marriage, Another Island of the British.
In 1960s, Bernard Shaw was a mature playwright. Published on 19 10. New projects, such as the marriage of nobles and inferiors and Fanny's first play, have been running in front of audiences in Greater London for a long time. Bernard Shaw allowed the musical adaptation of Fanny's game Pygmalion, but he had a problem with German opera. He insisted on changing the names of all his characters. Although operetta actually follows Bernard Shaw's story, it especially retains the anti-war message.
Bernard Shaw's works are very popular, including The Man with Arms, which is adapted from Franz Lehar's operetta. After some of his plays formed the basis of musicals, his most famous musical "Chocolate Warrior" was formally adapted into a film version of the script "Pygmalion".
19 14 published the article My Fair Lady, which showed his views on the war.
Bernard Shaw's future has been changed. In the First World War, he opposed it without compromise, although it aroused the anger of the public and many friends. His first feature-length film was shot after the war, mainly in the House of Sorrow. There is a new Bernard Shaw whose wisdom still exists, but his faith in human nature has decreased. 19 17 wrote a play My Fair Lady, which showed the despair of British intellectuals on the eve of the First World War. When the October Revolution happened, Bernard Shaw was one of the earliest representatives of progressive intellectuals in Asia and Europe who sympathized with and supported the revolution.
192 1 year, Bernard Shaw completed "The Common Sense of War", starting from the Garden of Eden at work and heading for the future after the Millennium. It shows that Bernard Shaw's hypothesis "the power of life" leads evolution to the ultimate perfection of trial and error. Xiao announced his masterpiece, but many critics disagreed. Another theme of benign evolution directed by power appeared in A Sad Home in 2006. In this theme, Bernard Shaw believes that in order to maintain human beings, it is necessary to develop in order to obtain the needed wisdom and a longer life. In the same year, a paper Geneva was published in the first issue of the British magazine Back to Methuselah. Bernard Shaw's "Labor Movement Monthly" was performed in China, which was an important stage practice to promote "Western learning" drama, but this performance was a failure. The reason for the failure is not only the scripted performance of the actors, but also various flaws in other performances. Because the new drama movement has not yet taken root in the society of Chen and Chen Xiangyin, drama advocates still have a serious tendency to break away from the popularity and nationality.
Secondly, The Dictatorship of the Proletariat is generally regarded as a better work than The Career of Mrs. Warren. Bernard Shaw wrote Joan of Arc for a long time. Her canonization of 1920 provided a strong impetus. The international success of the play is regarded as the main reason why he won the Nobel Prize in Literature. The award praised his works as "symbols of idealism and fraternity, and his exciting satire often injected with a unique poetic beauty". At this time, Prime Minister David Lloyd George considered making Bernard Shaw a title, but Bernard Shaw refused.
1925, Bernard Shaw won the Nobel Prize in Literature. He donated about 8,000 pounds to the Swedish Literature Foundation in Britain. 1926, he didn't go to Stockholm to get Nobel Prize in Literature.
1925 after the May 30th massacre in Shanghai, he took a stand and issued a declaration together with celebrities from all over the world, severely condemning the brutality of British imperialism and supporting the anti-imperialist patriotic movement of the people of China. Since then, he has been concerned about China's national independence and the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. After the September 18th Incident, the International Anti-imperialist Alliance entrusted a group of world cultural celebrities to visit China, including Bernard Shaw's name. In the same year, the Swedish Academy Literature Prize was awarded to Bernard Shaw. "Because of his idealism and humanity, their exciting satires contain a high degree of poetic beauty."
Bernard Shaw wrote plays before his death, but because of his early works, these plays are rarely significant or often adapted.
Probably the favorite job of his time. Later, methuselah, Joan of Arc and Apple Car were all regarded as signs of decline. His last famous play On the Rock was adapted from Owen of St John. Usually Bernard Shaw's works are of the same standard.
193 1 Visiting the Soviet Union and spending his 75th birthday in Moscow. Gorky wrote to congratulate him and praised him as a "brave soldier", and said, "You have lived for three quarters of a century, and you have dealt a fatal blow to people's conservative tendencies and vulgar views with your sharp one-liners countless times." Bernard Shaw delivered speeches and articles after returning to China, praising the outstanding achievements of the Soviet people and repeatedly claiming that the future world belongs to socialism. 1932, the script Wanhua was published.
193 1 visited the Soviet union, 1933 visited China, and 17 arrived in Shanghai in February. Meeting with Soong Ching Ling, Cai Yuanpei, Lu Xun, etc. Formed a sincere friendship with Gorky and Lu Xun. Now, the last novel Geneva has been published.
1936, he published his plays The Good King charles king Day, The Truth Comes Out, and The Black Woman Prays for God and Fools on the Accident Island.
1944 political theory book "Female Millionaire" was published.
1950165438+1On 2 October, Bernard Shaw died at the age of 94 at his residence in Eot St. Lawrence, Hertfordshire. Bernard Shaw has been creating humor all his life. Although his epitaph is only one sentence, it just reflects his humorous style: "I knew it would happen sooner or later, no matter how long I lived."