1. Analysis and interpretation methods. Report analysis generally adopts comparative method, and its contents include:
(1) Compare the current actual data of relevant indicators with the plan or budget to find out the differences;
(2) Compare the actual indicators of this period with the best level of last year or history, and analyze the development trend of this stock;
(3) Compare the actual indicators of this period with those of other units in the same industry, find out the gap and put forward rectification measures.
2. Analyze the content of the description.
(1) Basic information. The basic situation is an overview of sentence analysis, and in this part, it should be expressed in concise and lively words. Such as the production and operation of enterprises, the realization and distribution of profit targets, the increase and decrease of funds and the turnover of funds, the completion of cost and income plans, and the payment of taxes,
fund
Increase or decrease, changes in owners' equity, matters that have a significant impact on the current or next financial situation, and other matters that need to be explained.
(2) The main problems affecting the completion of the plan and their causes. This is the core content of the report analysis, which needs to be combined with figures and words to analyze the main factors. If the sales profit rate is adopted, the profit level of sales revenue is analyzed; Analyze the profitability of all assets with return on total assets; Analyze the profitability of investors' capital investment with the rate of return on capital; Using the rate of capital preservation and appreciation to analyze the integrity and security of invested capital; Analyze the level of assets and liabilities and solvency of enterprises with asset-liability ratio, current ratio, quick ratio, accounts receivable turnover rate and inventory turnover rate; Using social contribution rate and social accumulation rate to analyze the contribution level of enterprises to the country.
(3) Measures and effects of improving management. This is the main content of text analysis. It is necessary to point out the problems existing in management, analyze their causes and influence from both subjective and objective aspects, as well as the measures taken to solve the existing problems and the results achieved.
(4) the direction of future efforts. This part should not only affirm the achievements, but also point out the good measures and methods that should be adhered to in future work; Put forward the problems to be overcome in the future and their links; Put forward suggestions on the links that need to be strengthened.
Second, the financial analysis commonly used evaluation indicators:
1. The asset-liability ratio measures the ability of an enterprise to conduct business activities with the funds provided by creditors.
Reflect the degree of safety of creditors in issuing loans.
The calculation formula is:
total liabilities
Asset-liability ratio = ━ ━100%
total assets
2. The current ratio measures that the current assets of an enterprise can be converted into cash for repayment before the short-term debt expires.
Ability to repay current liabilities.
The calculation formula is:
floating assets
Current ratio = ━ ━×100%
current liabilities
3. Quick ratio. Measure the ability of an enterprise's current assets to be immediately used to repay its current liabilities.
The calculation formula is:
quickassets
Quick ratio = ━ ━×100%
current liabilities
Quick assets = current assets-inventory
4. The turnover rate of accounts receivable reflects the liquidity of enterprise accounts receivable.
The calculation formula is:
Net income from credit sale
Accounts receivable turnover rate = ━ ━ ━×100%
Average balance of accounts receivable
Net income from credit sales = sales income-cash sales income-sales returns, discounts and discounts.
Average balance of accounts receivable = (opening accounts receivable+closing accounts receivable) ÷2
5. Inventory turnover rate measures the sales ability of an enterprise and whether there is excess inventory.
The calculation formula is:
Cost of goods sold or cost of sales
Inventory turnover rate = ━ ━×100%
Average inventory
Average inventory = (beginning inventory+ending inventory) ÷2
6. Capital profit rate measures the profitability of investors' capital investment in enterprises.
The calculation formula is:
total profit
Capital profit rate = ━ ━100%
Total capital
7. Sales profit and tax rate measure the income level of sales revenue.
The calculation formula is:
Total profit and tax
Sales profit tax rate = ━ ━100%
Net sales
8. Cost profit rate reflects the relationship between enterprise cost and profit.
The calculation formula is:
total profit
Cost profit rate = ━ ━×100%
total cost