Oracle Bone Inscriptions → Wang Jinwen → Running script, Small seal script → Official script → Regular script.

(Supplier) (Zhou) (Qin) (China) (Wei and Jin Dynasties) cursive script

The seven fonts of Chinese characters are called "Chinese fonts".

China figures-well-made records, initially shaped in the late Shang Dynasty, in the14th century BC, with writing functions, pictographs and pictographs in Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Chinese characters and some very vivid pictographs and pictures.

In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the evolution of China characters was closed. Development results, sealing: First, the umbilical cord becomes generally thick and motionless, lines are drawn, very concise, vivid and standardized, and the structure is often neat, gradually leaving a prototype on the screen, laying the foundation for the text.

After the Qin Dynasty, Zheng Lisi developed forward. From simplicity to complexity, seal script has been changed into Xiao seal script and Xiao seal script, and it has been doubled and standardized in order to reach a perfect level. Almost completely out of the picture characters, become clean, harmonious and beautiful. Basically, it is a rectangular box seal script font, but it has its own fundamental shortcomings. It is very convenient to brush, and it is also a physical distraction caused by the flat edge of the official script.

In the Han Dynasty, the official script developed to a mature stage, which greatly improved the readability and writing speed of Chinese characters. Li Shu evolved into Cao Zhang, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. A book focusing on the performance of the brush tip. Subsequently, the integration of Li Shu, regular script, cursive script and self-sufficient book (also known as book) became popular in the Tang Dynasty. The fluency and flexibility of the Chinese system has been passed down to today, and the font printing of our daily writing habits, from regular script to cursive script, is a rumor of writing.

The invention of the engraving chisel developed the printing technology in Song Dynasty, and block printing was widely used and further improved and developed. Text book -Arial font typesetting Chinese characters and Chinese characters? Far-reaching influence, resulting in a horizontal thin vertical thick, eye-catching readable format, and later called the new Roman font carving too fat, fat imitation face, Liu body ultra-thin imitation EC, in the body. Yan and Liu Bitong are tall and slightly thick and thin. In Qin Long in the Ming Dynasty, Wanli evolved from the rough brushwork in Song style and the fine contention of various schools of thought to the folk pop-up in primitive times with extremely thin cross section of Hongwu fuselage. The text with a particularly thick font is a hierarchy, such as inscriptions, lanterns, notices, private land boundaries and so on. Fortunately, temple altar cards, such as font officials. Later, workers carved books to create leather outlines that were not European or Japanese yen, especially because the strokes of this font were horizontal and vertical, and it was easy to stamp when carving. Unlike the four-body grass, it looks unpleasant. Its application is more and more extensive, and printing has become very popular. Since16th century, it is still called.

Among Chinese characters in China, all kinds of fonts formed in different historical periods have their own distinctive artistic features, such as simple and elegant official script, static and dynamic, and decorative cursive script, which is flowing, compact, neat, beautiful and regular script. It is easy for people to know a good writing habit, various styles and different personalities.

The evolution of Chinese characters is a symbol and a history of font design in China. It provides rich inspiration from pictographic lines and strokes adapted to brush writing, and is easy to carve and print fonts. Character design, give full play to the style characteristics and evolution law of characters and fonts, and use smart and unique creativity to design exquisite works.

Since Qin Shihuang unified China, Chinese characters have gradually embarked on the wisdom and hardships of developing Chinese characters in China. Each era has different connotations, unique nationalities and folk customs, and children deeply engraved with the words of China history abound. However, today, few countries have invested much enthusiasm in language understanding, with half of the language and the other half of the writing? Other countries are still the soul of the country. In order to understand the historical changes of the motherland, the motherland and the soul of the motherland, we chose this topic. & ltBR/ With the development of Chinese characters, after the Qin Dynasty unified China, the Chinese characters in Chinese characters were simplified and gradually standardized. The development of China characters can be roughly divided into four stages of classics, namely, seal, official script and regular script, another seal, seal, stamp, clerk, Qin Li and China. Therefore, a new font has gradually formed after a long and long evolution in history. Generally speaking, after the basic formation, China characters were formed (table 1). & ltBR/ (Table 1: Evolution of Chinese Characters in China)

oracle bone script

Before the Qin Dynasty unified the characters, the font application of China characters was rather confusing. China's classical seal in a broad sense, including the characters before Xiao seal in a narrow sense, refers to the seal before the characters in a narrow sense in the history of China characters, including Oracle Bone Inscriptions Jin's classic works. The former is considered as the earliest stereotyped characters.

In Oracle Bone Inscriptions's writing, on the left are tortoise shells and animal bones written or carved in the late Shang Dynasty, most of which are inscriptions, and some "notebooks" resigned from the pictographic content of Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Only 20% people know the characteristics and principles of phonetic writing, and they are not sure whether they follow the writing knife to fill in the hieroglyphics written in cinnabar red ink, which shows that China's writing has not been unified in the Yin and Shang Dynasties.

Yin Xiangming's inscriptions: Bronze wares and gold wares were called in the pre-Qin period, and the inscriptions on bronzes were called characters, also known as Ding Mingwen and Oracle Bone Inscriptions's inscriptions. Most of the inscriptions on bronzes were ancient hieroglyphics. The actual words in the bronze inscriptions are so vivid, lifelike and natural.

Oracle Bone Inscriptions wrote a vulgar style and bronze inscription on the front of the fuselage, which is more complicated (Table 2).

(Table 2: Comparison Table of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Jinwen), Oracle Bone Inscriptions's knife is carved on the bones of tortoise shell, such as writing and hard pen (Figure 3). Knife engraving is used in modern graphic design (Figure 4).

Radial

In the history of China writing, Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, linguistics and history contributed the most. Telling the history of historian Wang, his main innovation is getting easier and easier. Zhu's "Yanzhou Zhoushu" said in the history books: Zhou's "Shangshu" and Xu's "Textile" were scattered in different dictionaries, which were collected by later generations. Shi Guwen in Zhou Xuanwang is the most famous. Standard font

3 biographies

Also called Qin Xiaozhuan finishing perfume, Qin Chao and Li Cheng thought. Through the simplification of seal, it is also called sand gun seal pen power because of its emotional significance. The supervision and coordination of Xiao Zhuan's physical structure and uniform posture have also undergone fundamental changes, combining pictographs with seal cutting. The first step in the development of official script began with seal script, and the most significant change was from the perspective of Longwan Qianba to seal script. The change of seal script is of great significance in the history of China characters.

Straight from the corner, never. Most people think that official script refers to the waves on the spine of the book, and the long tail, like a meat cleaver, is just one of them. Official script Qin Li, Li Han and Qin Li are three mature regions in the early official script fonts in China. Lishu Lishu usually refers to the word "eight" in the Han Dynasty (Figure 6). "Eight points" In Qin Li, students gradually developed into eight official scripts, leading to a mature posture, because of founder and thick official scripts and a complete sense of dignity (Figure 7). The letters in the alphabet are not just words, but their existence makes Jiao Ling's fonts have the taste of official script.

5 regular script

"Periodically contains some simple scripts", which is also called a real book. The scribes of this book are Ou Yangxun and Liu Zigong. Founder Guli. This font is still in use today and is regarded as the standard font and the world of love. There is a stable regular script, which leads to quiet, individual writing, individual differences, and different styles of fonts are the same (9, 10). Figure 1 1 Like the thin gold body in Song Huizong, it has the same fine lines, but it is stable at the turning point, with obvious visual sense and thin gold.

6 between running script and cursive script "one book (word) running script official script, regular script, and the free use of different writers at this stage." Running script presents a romantic and aesthetic atmosphere.

(figure 12) (figure 12)BR/7 cursive script

Also known as grass, grass, seal, eight, chapter grass, and then changed from various ancient characters "will enter the wine." Cao Zhang has a strong taste of official script, so he got his name because it commemorates the further development of Cao Zhang and Cao Zhang. A normal person is usually called "the sum of books". Caozhangcao and running script are often relatively simple. The boldness and fluency of cursive script to the audience (13, 14, 15). about

Print based on

The printing of the present invention is suitable for printing to adapt to the gradual development direction of printing, album printing and Chinese character printing, such as Song Dynasty printing. Originated from the golden age of block printing-Song Dynasty, in the Ming Dynasty, the Japanese called it "Ming-style" stereotype. Font engraving printing is suitable for reading, publishing and printing fonts.

9 computer fonts

Seeing the development of culture, science and technology, and the influence of Chinese and Western fonts, new bold and artistic fonts have appeared, such as the body of posters (POP) and complicated investigation kiosks, girls' fonts, Song fonts, distorted italics and Pingsong fonts. Types of Chinese characters are widely used in computers. & ltBR/ (from left to right: Diego, various investigation halls and corpse posters, ancient Indian institutions)

The origin of Chinese characters is a mystery. When it comes to people in China, we have to mention the archaeological support of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Oracle Bone Inscriptions, which first appeared 3,300 years ago. Sumerian characters in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia must have been written in the past 2000 years. Up to now, * * * has more than 5,000 Oracle characters, about 1700 characters, so you can know that it is also one of the four ancient civilizations to some extent. Thinking about the same period, we found that Oracle Bone Inscriptions's form and voice had been known to some extent. Oracle Bone Inscriptions's association is less than 80%, and pictophonetic characters account for more than 20%, which is very different from other early hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt and Sumer.

Some people think that the level of science and technology in ancient China is far lower than that in ancient Egypt and ancient Greece. Magnificent pyramids, the ancient Egyptians built huge stones, but only rammed earth buildings. Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs were carved on hard stones with exquisite designs, but only animal bones or tortoise shells with rough scratches. But if we look at the abstraction in China and Oracle Bone Inscriptions, it is much higher than the graphic visualization in ancient Egypt. This seems to be the early stage of China's direct contact, an early hieroglyphic, a more advanced stage, and a more abstract writing. Pictographic stage: the evolution of ideographic characters-China characters are almost pictographic stage, called pictographic Oracle Bone Inscriptions stage, which is highly abstract. Later, with the evolution of Chinese characters, Chinese characters are no longer purely ideographic. When the Greeks created the Parthenon, the Romans built a huge dome elaborately carved by the Pantheon, and China is still the only victim of the rammed earth Great Wall, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses in Qin and Han Dynasties and Qin Xiaozhuan. It can be said that it is a miracle that China's characters and culture leap along this huge and complicated symbol system of written language.

Early characters, hieroglyphics, can work normally. The increasing image of language is beyond the expression of some languages. The ancient Egyptians and Sumerians began to create phonetic symbols to record the only representatives of these languages. China chose another solution:

Recognize words, such as "day+month = Ming+son =";

Pictophonetic characters, such as "a", have no meaning and can only represent one syllable;

False words, such as "Shuo-Yue", began to appear in China.

Speaking of China, people will inevitably think of a large part of English culture classes in the same report, but we also think a lot. Learn the highest level of a language and think that your mother tongue is using it. However, this is the person who can give full play to creative thinking and mother tongue, not to mention that a huge energy consumption requires learning a foreign language. Romans don't envy Greek civilization, which is good for Greece? -Even these two languages? And then what? Very close. Arabs want the same Latin and Greek to be translated into Arabic, not Latin or Greek. Similarly, during the Renaissance, when Europeans switched to Arabic, Arabic was translated into Latin. The enlightenment period will be further transformed into the language and promotion of the country.

A personal term with a good foreign language is a fierce foreign language, but its translation efficiency is much lower. However, in the whole society, everyone has a lot of energy to learn a foreign language, and the efficiency is very low. The most extreme situation-like those countries that have lost their mother tongue in history-has completely disappeared. The best choices, such as Arabs, Renaissance Europeans, language translators and language countries, have only one mother tongue for communication, more effective thinking and innovation in this country.

China's Dilemma: The English language civilization at its peak was based on the past-unlike the Arabs who lost their static civilization in the face of ancient Greek and Roman civilization, nor did the European Renaissance face the declining Islamic civilization. Now many new scientific and technological achievements, new knowledge and new ideas are still in the English-speaking world. In fact, English, as an international language in today's world, has achieved unprecedented success. The number of people who use their mother tongue in the world is second only to English. About 4 million people use English as a second language or to some extent, but there are more people in every corner of the world and every country, so now students don't learn English just because it takes a lot of time. Good optical English is not enough. Everyone is learning English, which can improve their own quality, but we can't go to the other extreme.

Matteo Ricci, Xu Guangqi's introduction to China, the idea of Renaissance, the western books and newspapers translated by Lin Zexu, counting 160 years; The new culture movement is not enough. In the past century, the Opium War was the turning point of contemporary China from Renaissance to Enlightenment. Now, you should learn English and try and innovate in mother tongue translation. Improve English language, literature and journalism practitioners, popularize basic education and popularize advanced scientific and cultural concepts. It shouldn't be like medieval or Renaissance Latin in Europe. In China, the aristocratic language is English.

The nation of writing, the historical development track of a country: China's writing is gorgeous and interesting, like a leap in the history of China. Characters were created by China people, and China's characters also guided the people of China to move forward.

The word "Zhou": "protect, control evil, divide the canal to improve the monarch, teach six arts: say five rites; The second and sixth music, filmed in the third and fifth years, Liu Yang, Liu Yue, No.9 "However, Zhou Li only introduced the" six ones ",but did not elaborate.

China Eastern Han Dynasty scholar Xu Shen's Dictionary and Hutchison said: "When I was in primary school, Paul's godson Liu Shu. It refers to what to read: knowledge, observation shows that the image of the' top' thing is April 1 painting, while Song asked with his body. The third is the pictophonetic character, the name of the pictophonetic character task, and the complementarity of this metaphor. " "River" and "River" also know that friendship is not a class. "Force" and "letter" were transcribed by the knight's attention. Under the guise of "old" and Liu Yue's wordless voice props, things were "so" and "long". Xu Shen's explanation is the first time in history that the definition of Six Books has been formally recorded. This book is still the core of ensuring judicial justice.

[Editor] Interpretation of the Construction Engineer's Regulations

[edit] pictogram

Independent institutions, hieroglyphic lines or strokes, express the shape characteristics of objects and have clear outlines. The shape of "moon" is like a crescent moon, and the shape of "turtle" is like the word "horse" on the side of turtle. A horse's mane has four legs. The word "fish" is the first 2 sokcho, and the word "fish's tail" is the shape of a hut with left and right doors. Like a circle, the middle point, let's look at the shape of the sun.

[Edit] Pictographic things

Belongs to an independent organization. The main difference between hieroglyphics is that the word "thing" in this painting contains more abstract things, such as "blade", sharp points, marks, and the word "fierce" trapped by cross symbols. Figures are the main painting symbols above or below, which are called "three" and "three horizontal sketches". These words have a more abstract part.

[Edit] Audio and Video

Lines, pictographs and pictophonetic characters are composed of two parts: up and down (also called "Yi" pictographs and sounds) (also called "bills"). Words or general instructions that shape the future meaning, words pronounced with the same or similar phonetic symbols, such as "cherry blossom" and "wood", are the next shape, which is the sound of baby-friendly hospital, indicating the pronunciation word "baby" and the shape "bamboo" next to the vegetable basket. Saying this bamboo "prison" means that its pronunciation is similar to "prison"

I see.

Belong to "suitable for pictographs. Associative words include two or more independent institutions, including the shape or meaning of words. For example, the word "wine", together with the meaning of the liquid "water" in the winemaker's crock, means partial solution and independence. The angle between the word "knife" and the word "cow" refers to birdsong, harbor and birdsong.

transcript

A method that belongs to the word. The pronunciation of words, under different geographical and geographical obstacles, the same thing will have different names. To express the same thing and the same meaning, they will have the same radical or part, "Kao", the meaning of the word "old man", the original meaning of "Britain", "Top" and "Awakening". These words have the same radical (or component) and have a good pronunciation.

[Editor] In fact, it was not the first time that the ancients who used Liushu read the Chinese characters of Liushu. In Shang Dynasty, the unrecorded Six Books summed up the character analysis system of China people with a fairly long system. However, in this system, people create new words on the basis of this system. The sounds of "Yao" and "dog" are concave and convex. I know the word "a" and "a"

Oracle Bone Inscriptions is mostly hieroglyphics, which is the most direct way to make money in painting. However, in the case of words, the division between sound and words becomes more and more detailed. It is difficult for pictographic fish to make words, such as carp, loach, grass carp and loach. It is necessary to draw their own characteristics and differences carefully. The most convenient way, as long as "fish" can admit their similarity, and then distinguish the pronunciation of these words in a similar way. In modern times, 80% of Chinese characters in China are voiced.