1. "Navigation" theme: including transportation (ports, highways, railways, logistics), railway construction and related equipment, aviation services, equipment, complete machine production, etc. In the construction of the "Belt and Road", transportation is a priority area for development, so as to accelerate the improvement of the interconnection level of transportation infrastructure between China and neighboring countries and form regional transportation integration.
The transportation industry (ports, highways, railways and logistics) will take the lead in directly benefiting from the completion of the Asia-Europe Transport Corridor, creating conditions for promoting regional economic development, speeding up the interconnection of various modes of transportation such as highways, railways, civil aviation and maritime transportation, and significantly improving the throughput. The new Eurasian Continental Bridge connecting Lianyungang and Rotterdam Port will strengthen its backbone role in international land transportation. China will also make every effort to build an integrated sea, land and air transport mode with ASEAN, China's third largest trading partner: connecting China with coastal port cities of Southeast Asian countries by sea; Inland River-China invests in the construction of Lancang-Mekong River to create a golden waterway; Highway-Nan (Ning) Man (Valley) Highway and Kun (Ming) Man (Valley) Highway have been opened one after another, and two horizontal and two vertical highway passages in Southeast Asia are taking shape; Railway-China plans to build a Pan-Southeast Asian Railway from Kunming and Nanning to connect the land countries in Southeast Asia.
The "going out" of transportation infrastructure construction and operation will also drive the growth of railway construction and related equipment, aviation services, equipment and complete machine production.
Ports in China have rich experience in infrastructure construction and operation, and the "going out" of railway construction provides a good example for other infrastructure companies to go out. At the same time, "2 1 Century Maritime Silk Road" countries in Southeast Asia and South Asia have a strong demand for the construction of large ports, and high-quality enterprises in these fields have a good prospect of "going global" in construction and operation.
Especially in railway construction, the "Eurasian Railway Network Plan" that breaks through national boundaries will also stimulate the development of railway construction. According to incomplete statistics, the current intentional railway project has reached 5,000 kilometers, which is huge compared with the planned target of 8 1 0,000 kilometers of the Eurasian railway network.
2. The theme of "infrastructure industry chain": including construction industry (construction and infrastructure engineering), equipment manufacturing industry (equipment and supporting equipment manufacturing) and infrastructure materials (steel, building materials, non-ferrous metals, etc. ).
From the demand side, countries along the "Belt and Road" have a strong demand for infrastructure construction, both from the perspective of domestic demand and future regional economic cooperation. Countries along the Belt and Road are generally backward in infrastructure due to financial constraints and insufficient infrastructure investment expenditure-per capita GDP, per capita highway mileage, per capita railway mileage and other indicators are far lower than China. Compared with China, countries along Asia and Africa have 10% and 20% room for urbanization respectively, and China's accumulated experience and product service capabilities in its own urbanization process can be exported. Domestically, the density of railways, highways and expressways in northwest provinces ranks lower in the country, Xinjiang, Qinghai and Gansu are in the last five, and Ningxia and Shaanxi are in the middle and late stage. In order to realize the infrastructure docking between Belt and Road countries, the northwest region has great investment space in infrastructure fields such as urban construction and transportation network.
From the supply side, with the decline in the growth rate of investment in fixed assets, the problem of overcapacity in China's construction and manufacturing industries is becoming more and more serious. "Infrastructure export" can greatly alleviate the product demand pressure of China's construction and manufacturing industries. Under the strategic background of "One Belt, One Road", China participated in the establishment of "BRICS Development Bank" and "Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank", which largely demonstrated China's strategic concept of increasing infrastructure investment overseas.
According to the estimation that the total investment in infrastructure accounts for about 5% of GDP, the infrastructure demand along the Belt and Road may reach 1.05 trillion US dollars per year, while China's 20 14 trillion foreign contracting is only 0. 14 trillion US dollars, accounting for only 13% of it. Subjective will and objective conditions will form a resultant force. In the future, the "going out" pace of China construction manufacturing enterprises will be greatly accelerated, and the broad prospects for industrial expansion in overseas markets will be gradually opened.
With the support of the "One Belt, One Road" strategic policy, the "going out" of foreign engineering contracting construction enterprises can form a greater export pull, effectively hedge the decline of domestic demand, and then drive the entire "infrastructure industry chain".
At present, the global economic recovery is slow, the domestic economy is also facing difficult transformation, and the global trade environment is not good. Pursuing export growth will easily lead to many frictions and contradictions, while foreign capital is more acceptable. Starting external demand with foreign capital is a better choice than exporting. Using the export mode of construction enterprises can promote the export of domestic design, consulting, manufacturing, materials, labor services, finance, insurance, services and other industries and hedge the decline of domestic demand. Different from the low cost and low added value of foreign trade export, the "going out" mode of construction enterprises has effectively promoted high added value products such as mechanical and electrical products in China, which is in line with the national industrial upgrading goal.
Three. "Energy construction" theme: including pipeline construction related industries, power station construction and electric equipment imported from China.
Expanding the stable way of importing oil and gas resources is an important strategic goal of the "Belt and Road". In recent years, China's demand for oil and gas resources has increased rapidly, but China's oil and gas resources are mainly imported through land and sea transportation in the Straits of Malacca, and the passage is relatively simple, so energy security is more vulnerable to threats. It is urgent to develop new ways to import oil and gas resources.
Under the theme of "energy construction", the construction of onshore energy corridor strategy in China will directly benefit the pipeline construction related industries of oil and gas import in China. Central Asian countries bordering Xinjiang are extremely rich in oil and gas resources, which is the second largest region with the richest oil and gas resources after the Middle East. At present, the proportion of oil imported from Central Asia and Russia is still low, and the proportion of natural gas imported from Central Asia has been rising in recent years. With the popularization of natural gas and the rapid growth of domestic demand, the import from Central Asia through Xinjiang will continue to increase.
In the future, in order to meet the transportation demand of new imports, Xinjiang will build a number of energy pipelines and build a large energy corridor on land in China. Supporting oil pipelines, natural gas pipelines, power grids and road transportation will inevitably usher in further benefits.
On the demand side, the level of household electricity consumption in China along the "Belt and Road" is extremely low, and there is huge room for development. According to the statistical data of electricity consumption in 20 13 years, the per capita annual electricity consumption of non-OECD countries along the Belt and Road is only about 1655.52KWH, while the per capita annual electricity consumption of OECD countries in the same period is about 7579.49KWH, the former is only 2 1.84% of the latter. Therefore, from the perspective of power consumption alone, the future power consumption level of non-OECD countries along the "Belt and Road" will have great room for growth. With the increase of electricity consumption, it will inevitably drive the power investment in these countries, thus bringing huge demand for electrical equipment.
Due to the weak domestic manufacturing industry in these countries, the electrical equipment of major countries participating in the "Belt and Road" is heavily dependent on imports. The overall import ratio of these countries is about 56.73%. According to this ratio, combined with the future investment trend of the areas involved in the Belt and Road Initiative, it can be concluded that during the period from 2014 to 2020, the annual import demand of non-OECD countries along the Belt and Road Initiative is about1396.06 billion US dollars or more, and China power enterprises may share this huge demand in the future.
On the supply side, at present, the capacity of electrical equipment in China is obviously surplus. In 20 13 years, the output of power generation equipment in China is about 654.38+0.2 billion kilowatts, accounting for about 60% of the global total. However, the average annual installed capacity in China is only 50-60 million kilowatts, and there is a serious overcapacity. Therefore, electrical equipment enterprises in China urgently need to "go out to sea" to digest these production capacities.
The technical level of electrical equipment in China has been at the advanced level in the world in many fields and has a competitive advantage in the international market. At present, China's hydropower projects and equipment are very competitive internationally, and about 80% of the hydropower projects in the world are undertaken by China enterprises. In the photovoltaic market, the conversion rate of solar cell products in China is at the advanced level in the world, and the export components account for about 60% of the global market share.
Through the gradual development of the "Belt and Road" strategy, the pace of China's electrical equipment going abroad will be further accelerated. It is estimated that China's electrical equipment will occupy about 40% of the market share in non-OECD countries along the "Belt and Road". According to this ratio, from 2065438 to 2020, the total export of China electrical equipment enterprises to countries along the Belt and Road will probably reach about 98.435 billion US dollars/year, which will greatly benefit China electrical equipment enterprises.
Fourth, the theme of "business culture": business culture tourism industry.
In the long run, road connectivity and trade connectivity are accompanied by cultural exchanges. The "Silk Road" has been the embodiment of cultural fairs since ancient times, and its exchanges and cooperation cover cultural, tourism, education and other humanistic activities. Cultivating international boutique tourist routes and products with the characteristics of the Silk Road can actively promote the characteristic service trade and develop modern service trade. The flow of personnel will also strengthen the development of characteristic tourism products, cultural products, folk customs, tourist routes and intangible cultural heritage projects in countries and regions along the route. Tourism enterprises can carry out tourism management cooperation, tourism business cooperation, tourism charter flights, tourism investment and trade, tourism service procurement and other businesses.
From the perspective of policy support, with the promotion of the overall strategy of "Belt and Road", the cultural tourism industry will also usher in new growth space.
5. Theme of "Information Industry": Grasp the digital trend of national economy and accelerate the development of information products and services in China.
"Interconnection" is to strengthen all-round infrastructure construction, including not only transportation infrastructure such as roads, railways, aviation and ports, but also communication infrastructure such as Internet, communication network and Internet of Things. The deep interoperability among countries along the Belt and Road will put forward higher requirements for information infrastructure, which will be of great benefit to China's communication industry, especially Huawei, ZTE, Xinwei and other successful "going out" communication infrastructure providers.
As the forerunner of "going out" strategy, China's communication equipment industry has occupied two seats among the top five telecom system equipment manufacturers in the world, and Huawei's sales revenue has surpassed Ericsson to rank first. At present, Huawei's overseas revenue accounts for more than 70%, ZTE's overseas revenue accounts for 50%, and Fiberhome Communications also has 10% of its revenue from overseas. The global competitiveness of China telecom system equipment manufacturers provides an important foundation for the implementation of communication infrastructure construction in the "Belt and Road" strategic plan.
Looking back at the first round of "going out" of American enterprises, Huawei, ZTE and Xinwei benefited from the State Council's preferential policies to support the export of superior equipment, and successively received tens of billions of RMB of buyer's credit financing support from China Development Bank, thus gaining advantages in the market expansion of emerging countries such as Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe; Now, China enterprises have ushered in the second round of "going out" strategic opportunities. On the one hand, the digital trend of the global economy means that the "Belt and Road" countries have room for sustained growth in information infrastructure construction; On the other hand, Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, Silk Road Fund and other financing institutions will actively finance overseas information infrastructure. Pioneers such as ZTE and Huawei who have implemented the "going out" strategy and achieved a good overseas layout, as well as other companies that have started overseas expansion in the ICT field, will usher in major industrial opportunities.
The theme of the construction of the intransitive verb free trade zone: In addition to the industry welcoming development opportunities, the free trade zone strategy will also form a benign interaction with the "Belt and Road" strategy.
The "Belt and Road" plan will promote the construction of economic corridors in the form of promoting the construction of free trade parks or port areas. At present, China is advancing a series of free trade zone negotiations and gradually building a high-standard free trade zone network radiating the Belt and Road Initiative. "One Belt, One Road" and free trade zone construction are "two sides of one body and support each other", which will form a new pattern of China's opening up. The former focuses on infrastructure to promote the interconnection of economies along the route, while the latter focuses on lowering the trade threshold, improving the level of trade facilitation and accelerating economic integration in the region. The interactive relationship between the "Belt and Road" strategy and domestic free trade zones is as follows:
1. Free trade zone is the carrier of the "Belt and Road" under the new opening pattern. Promote the development of port economy and free trade parks (ports) along the route and provide a carrier for the construction of the "Belt and Road". The sustainable development of the "Belt and Road" needs the support of many port economic zones along the route. China should make good use of free trade parks (ports) as a platform for regional cooperation, speed up the construction of free trade parks (ports) along the route, strive to eliminate institutional obstacles and barriers in the existing open areas, expand market access, and promote the opening of key areas.
First of all, we should sum up the valuable experience of Shanghai Free Trade Zone, explore the mode of implementing pre-entry national treatment and negative list management for foreign investment, and promote opening up in a wider field and at a higher level. At the same time, accelerate the construction of free trade parks (ports) in coastal and border provinces such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan and Yunnan.
2. The FTZ constitutes the starting point of internal and external linkage under the framework of "Belt and Road". Looking at the planning schemes of China's provinces participating in the "Belt and Road" strategy, it is not difficult to find that the construction of free trade zones with different emphases is the standard configuration. The Belt and Road Initiative is centered on an open economy, and the construction of a free trade zone will become an important starting point for the internal and external linkage of the Belt and Road Initiative. After the completion of "1+3" free trade zones in Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangdong and Fujian, more free trade zones will be established in the central and western regions in the future.
The breakthrough point of the "One Belt, One Road" strategy of Shanghai Free Trade Zone is to build a new open economic system as the value goal, and establish and improve an economic operation mechanism that adapts to the development of open economy and international economic rules. At the same time, we will promote financial innovation closely integrated with the construction of Shanghai International Financial Center, including expanding the cross-border use of RMB, opening the financial services industry to a greater extent, and building financial markets.
Take the port as the hub, open up Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, and connect Eurasia through the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean. Therefore, accelerating the establishment of Guangdong, Tianjin and Fujian free trade zones is an important measure to accelerate the realization of the "Belt and Road" strategy. The function of Guangdong Free Trade Zone is to strengthen the cooperation between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao and promote the development of the Pearl River Delta region, with a relatively high starting point and more investment opportunities for high-end services. The function of Tianjin Free Trade Zone is mainly oriented to the Northeast Asian market, and shipping and financial leasing have strong advantages; Fujian Free Trade Zone focuses on developing cross-strait trade, and has advantages in in-depth exchanges and cooperation with enterprises in Taiwan Province Province, China.
3. The interaction between the construction of free trade zone and the "Belt and Road" strategy constitutes the driving force for deepening reform.
With the continuous promotion of the "Belt and Road" strategy, China's free trade zone strategy should not only build several free trade zones in China, represented by the Shanghai Free Trade Zone, to provide opportunities for China to further deepen reform and sum up experience, but also establish free trade zones with current and future important economic and trade partners in trade, investment and other fields, providing a more important platform for economic and trade partners to strengthen bilateral economic and trade activities and improve the efficiency of cross-border resource allocation.
From the advantages of the newly established free trade zone, it is not difficult to see that the strategy of forcing decentralization by opening up is the starting point of a new round of high-level opening up and wider-scale reform, which will further enhance the development level of China's open economy. Through the construction of domestic free trade zones and international free trade zones, the "Belt and Road" strategy will gain more solid support.