At the 2020 China Computer Conference held on the afternoon of October 22nd, 65438/KLOC-0, Academician Liu Ming gave a report entitled "Innovation and Development of Integrated Circuits", in which she talked about the current situation of integrated circuits in China and her personal thinking.

Liu Ming said that the advantages of China's IC industry development can be summarized in three phrases: huge market, government's attention and enthusiasm for capital.

"First of all, look at the market. In 20 19, the import value of integrated circuits in China was $300 billion. In 20 19, the global sales of the whole IC was about 450 billion US dollars, so most of them were bought by China. " In addition, the government attaches great importance to the integrated circuit industry and has issued relevant industrial development policies. In terms of funds, the central government set up special funds for the integrated circuit industry, with the first phase of138.72 billion yuan and the second phase of more than 200 billion yuan. Local governments set up local special funds to support the development of integrated circuits in China.

Liu Ming introduced that during the period from 20 10 to 20 19 and 10, the annual compound growth rate of China's integrated circuits exceeded 20%, while the international average annual coincidence growth rate was about 5%, and China's growth rate was much higher than the global level. In the first half of 2020, the total sales also reached 353.9 billion, a year-on-year increase of 16438+0%.

Look at the proportion of three aspects of the whole integrated circuit-packaging, manufacturing and design. She introduced that from 20 15 to the first quarter of 2020, the proportion of these three aspects in China will be gradually optimized.

"From the big packaging test, small manufacturing and small design in the past, it has evolved into the direction of big design, middle packaging test and middle manufacturing. But even with such rapid development, by 2020, the self-sufficiency rate of domestic chips will only be 16.7%. "

The Status of Integrated Circuits in China

Liu Ming further analyzed the current situation of integrated circuits in China from the perspectives of materials, equipment and manufacturing technology.

She said that the main materials of semiconductors, from silicon wafers to masks and photoresists, were occupied by Japanese manufacturers. The market share of electronic special gas, polishing liquid, polishing pad and other materials is occupied by American manufacturers. "Domestic silicon wafers are mostly used in separation devices, solar cells and other fields, while the proportion of domestic silicon wafers in integrated circuit manufacturing is very low."

In terms of equipment, "the average share of integrated circuit equipment (including low-end back-end equipment) in China is 14%, while the core equipment such as lithography equipment and ion implantation are all from Europe and America, and the domestic rate is less than 5%. If we compare the advanced technologies below 28nm, especially 18 and 14nm, the domestic market share is even lower. "

"Looking at manufacturing technology, our technology is about two or three generations behind, and the volume is particularly small." "Don't just stare at cutting-edge technology. Whether our foundation is solid is also important. "

Liu Ming also mentioned another major feature of integrated circuits in China-industrial divergence. Unlike the frequent and highly concentrated M&A of global integrated circuit enterprises, enterprises in China have mushroomed. "From 2004 to 20 19, the output value of integrated circuits in China increased by 20 times, the number of enterprises increased by 300 times, and there were more than 4,000 design enterprises."

In her report, she pointed out the relationship between scientific research and industrial development, and believed that scientific research needs accumulation, and the transformation of forward-looking research into market application needs re-innovation and time period. "China's current business model innovation is very dynamic and rich in resources, but how to stick to and get the support of the underlying technology and basic industries is also worthy of our in-depth thinking."

How to develop integrated circuits?

"Integrated circuit has become a first-class discipline, and many people are asking, how do you think it will develop?"

In Liu Ming's view, the continuous emergence of new technologies is the biggest feature in the field of integrated circuits. "The overall improvement of materials, equipment, processes, software and hardware can improve the industry as a whole. In fact, it is a huge system engineering in the microscopic world. This industry is a combination of electronic information, physics, chemistry, materials, engineering, automation and other disciplines. In fact, you need a comprehensive knowledge background, cross-cutting technical skills and innovative quality to be able to be comfortable in this industry. "

She believes that the strength of the integrated circuit industry in the United States stems from their great attention to the basic disciplines of STEAM (STEM acronym for science, technology, engineering and mathematics). The so-called kung fu is beyond poetry. No matter how many majors you have changed, college education should focus on general education and lay a good foundation. It is more important for students to have the ability to study and think independently.

"We should adhere to the market economy, act according to industrial laws and avoid more administrative intervention. Improving the industrial environment, tax adjustment and product iteration mechanism, healthy capital, technology accumulation and innovation mechanism are all crucial to the sound development of this industry. "

Liu Ming said that there are no shortcuts and detours in the development of core intellectual property rights and technologies. "If there is a bend, others will leave us." It is very important to lay a solid foundation and make a long-term layout. In addition, she also mentioned that it is necessary to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and entrepreneurs' property rights and persist in reform and opening up.

Liu Ming, 1964 was born in Fengcheng, Jiangxi Province, and 1998 received his doctorate from Beihang University in June. Now he is a researcher and doctoral supervisor of Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and director of Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Devices and Integration Technology, China Academy of Sciences. 20 15 was elected as an academician of China Academy of Sciences.

Liu Ming has long been committed to the research in the field of microelectronics science and technology, and has made systematic and creative work in the memory model mechanism, material structure, core technology and micro-nano processing of integrated circuits. Her representative achievements include: the physical model of RRAM is established, and the basic theory and key technical methods of high performance RRAM and integration are proposed and realized.

Proofreading: Luan Meng