Since February this year, at least seven provinces (cities) have introduced measures to reduce social security costs in accordance with the unified arrangements of the central authorities, most of which focus on reducing unemployment insurance, work injury insurance and maternity insurance, with the main goal of reducing enterprise costs.
A round of social security fee reduction curtain was opened.
On March 2 1 day, the Shanghai municipal government announced that it had decided to reduce the contribution rates of pension, medical and unemployment insurance units by 2.5%, with the decrease rates of 1%, 1% and 0.5% respectively. It is estimated that the burden on enterprises will be reduced by about13.5 billion yuan this year.
Since February this year, at least seven provinces (cities) have introduced measures to reduce social security costs in accordance with the unified arrangements of the central authorities, most of which focus on reducing unemployment insurance, work injury insurance and maternity insurance, with the main goal of reducing enterprise costs.
In addition, the streamlining of social insurance premiums has also entered the fast lane. Not long ago, Shanxi, Hunan and Qingdao, Shandong Province all said that one of the tasks this year includes studying and formulating a combined implementation plan for basic medical insurance and maternity insurance.
"These two types of insurance are similar in nature. It is expected that maternity insurance will be incorporated into medical insurance. Compared with the original rate of 8%- 10%, the combined rate will definitely decline, but the space for decline is limited. " Qi Chuanjun, deputy secretary-general of the World Social Security Research Center of China Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with 2 1 Century Business Herald.
Social security fee reduction measures have been introduced in many places
As the main measure of local supply-side structural reform, since February this year, Guangdong, Tianjin, Yunnan, Gansu, Guizhou, Jiangsu, Shanghai and other places have lowered the social security rate measures one after another. Although the types of insurance and duration of adjustment are different, the fee reduction rate is mainly inclined to enterprises.
Take Shanghai's adjustment plan as an example, all unit payment rates have been lowered, and individual payment is not involved.
In Guangdong, the main targets for reducing the cost of social insurance premiums are unemployment insurance, medical insurance and industrial injury insurance, among which unemployment insurance has been reduced from 2% to 1%. It is estimated that by the end of this year, the social insurance premium (including housing provident fund) will be reduced or exempted for enterprises in this province by about 35 billion yuan.
Compared with Guangdong, the first batch of policies and measures to reduce the cost of enterprises in the real economy issued by Tianjin in early February clearly stated that unemployment, maternity and work-related injuries were mainly reduced, and the payment rate was reduced by 1.43 percentage points. Medical insurance and endowment insurance have also made special arrangements and adjustments for difficult enterprises.
According to the recent steady growth measures of 12 in Yunnan, the provincial maternity insurance rate is lowered to 0.2%, and the fee reduction period this year is 1 year; The average rate of industrial injury insurance decreased from 0.93% to 0.75%; Unemployment insurance is lowered from 3% to 2%.
Gansu has the largest insurance coverage, and will adopt the policy of "five relief, four reduction and four compensation" to support enterprises in difficulty. Except for the municipal medical insurance, the unemployment, work-related injury and maternity insurance rates have all been lowered, of which the first two items have been lowered by 1% and 0.25% respectively, and the maternity insurance rates have all fallen below 0.5% of the total wages of employees in the employer; In addition, for individuals whose average monthly salary is lower than 40% of the average salary of employees on the job, 40% is the payment base of individual endowment insurance.
Guizhou mainly reduces the unemployment and industrial injury insurance rates paid by enterprises; Jiangsu will focus on reducing unemployment insurance, which will be reduced by 0.5 percentage points in the next three years.
In addition, 2 1 century reporters found that the supply-side reform opinions issued by Chongqing, Qinghai and other provinces and cities are also clear, and the "five insurances and one gold" collection policy will be adjusted.
In this regard, Li Zhen, a professor at the School of Public Administration of China Renmin University and director of the Institute of Social Security, said in an interview with the reporter of 2 1 Century Business Herald that most of the current adjustments are unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance, all of which are small types of insurance, and the total rate of the three types of insurance is only 4% of wages. "From the perspective of reducing the burden, the current one is not enough."
When answering a reporter's question a few days ago, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China said that the "five insurances and one gold" still has room for appropriate adjustment in general, and the situation varies from place to place, and the deposit ratio of "five insurances and one gold" can be appropriately reduced by stages according to the actual situation.
Substantial fee reduction still needs to start with reform.
Judging from the national unification level, after the State Council successively lowered the unemployment, work injury and maternity insurance rates last year, the social five insurance rates in China, including pension and medical care, dropped from the previous 4 1% to 39.25%. However, the social security rates determined by different provinces and cities in China are actually different. Take Shanghai as an example. After lowering the unit contribution rate by 2.5%, its social security five insurance rate is 43%, which is still higher than the national level, of which the unit rate is 32.5% and the individual rate is 10.5%.
In an interview with 2 1 Century Business Herald, an executive of a foreign-funded enterprise said that employees were not "ungrateful" for the high social security premium paid by the unit and thought that they were deducting their own money from their wages.
Li Zhen believes that this is a paradox caused by high rate, and the high policy rate makes some enterprises and individuals hitchhike by underreporting their salary base. "Management can't keep up, and the actual total fund income is still less than expected. Instead of this, it is better to directly reduce the rate, consolidate the charging base, and enhance everyone's trust in the system. " Li Zhen said.
As the "big head" of the five social security risks, even in Guangdong, where the national pension insurance rate is the lowest, according to the minimum payment base of 2,408 yuan last year, the annual contributions of individuals and enterprises are 23 1 1 yuan and 38 1 1 yuan respectively, making a total of 6 122 yuan.
Is there room for downward adjustment of endowment insurance? In Qi Chuanjun's view, without institutional framework reform, it is difficult to substantially adjust the social security rates such as pension insurance, because at present, China's pension and medical insurance funds are under pressure to make ends meet.
In 20 15 years, including high financial subsidies, the number of provinces that failed to pay for the current pension insurance in China increased from 2 in the previous year to 7; The medical insurance fund is similar. Recently, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security also said that the medical insurance fund "even has a considerable number of provinces in the current period, and the risk of' bottoming out' of the fund has become increasingly prominent".
On the eve of the two sessions this year, Minister Yin Weimin of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security introduced at the press conference of the State Council Office that the future reform of the old-age insurance system will include seven aspects: implementing the universal enrollment plan, promoting the national overall planning of old-age insurance, further improving the personal account system, introducing a gradual policy of delaying retirement age, promoting the investment and operation of old-age insurance funds, raising old-age insurance funds in various ways, and promoting the construction of a multi-level old-age insurance system.
Earlier, when reading the reform of medical insurance system during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, Finance Minister Lou Jiwei said that the future medical insurance reform will include improving the financing mechanism and reimbursement ratio adjustment mechanism of medical insurance, fully implementing the serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents, giving full play to the role of medical insurance in controlling fees, integrating the basic medical insurance system, and encouraging the development of supplementary medical insurance and commercial health insurance.
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