1. Private equity funds are defined as public offering and private placement, or public offering and private placement, according to different securities issuance methods and whether securities are issued to unspecified public. Recently, in our country, the "private fund" or "underground fund" often mentioned in the financial market is a kind of collective investment directed at private placement by specific investors, which is compared with the securities investment fund supervised by the competent department of our government and publicly issuing beneficiary certificates to unspecified investors. There are basically two ways, one is a contractual collective investment fund based on signing the entrusted investment contract, and the other is a corporate collective investment fund based on * * * contributing shares to establish a joint-stock company.
2. What are the famous private equity firms?
1, CVC is one of the top ten private equity funds in the world, with more than $23 billion under management. The company is the major shareholder of Formula 1, and its notable investments in the past include AA and Italian Yellow Pages. As for Asia, CVC has invested in 26 projects in the past, with an enterprise value exceeding 654.38+062 billion US dollars, which is the same as other famous private equity funds such as KKR and Carlyle.
2. Blackstone Fund: Wall Street is the financial center of the world, and Blackstone Group is the most famous private equity fund on Wall Street. Blackstone's success can't be separated from steve schwarzman's credit. With a series of dazzling transactions and record-breaking mergers and acquisitions, he is known as the "spiritual godfather" of Blackstone Group and "the new generation leader of Wall Street" by Fortune magazine.
3. Carlyle Group:
Created by David Rubinstein in 1987. At present, it has 39 funds, with a total management fund of $39 billion, ranking among the top private equity companies in the world. Business around the world.
Carlyle is called the "Presidential Club". Its business philosophy is: "If you put the rich and the powerful together, the powerful can get the money and the rich can get the power", which is also called "power-money transaction" in China.
Members include: former US Secretary of Defense Frank Kerry (who helped Carlyle become the 1 1 largest arms dealer in the United States); Former President George H.W. Bush (helping Carlyle and JPMorgan Chase acquire Hanmei Bank in Korea for $430 million and then sell it to Citigroup for $2.7 billion); Former British Prime Minister john major (who helped Carlyle set up a Carlyle fund in Europe with a value of 1 1 billion US dollars), former Philippine President, former US Secretary of State, former Thai Prime Minister, former president of Deutsche Bank, and executives of the world's largest enterprises such as IBM, Nestle, Boeing, BMW and Toshiba.
Carlyle entered China in 2000. By June 2006, 265,438+0 projects had been invested in China. Investment projects in China generally do not exceed $50 million. Carlyle prefers to cooperate with other investment institutions to reduce risks, and prefers to invest in industries or companies with leading technology, and has a strong desire for controlling shares.
In August 2005, Carlyle and Softbank jointly invested in Sunco Real Estate. In 2005, Carlyle and Prudential acquired 24.975% (non-one-time investment) of Pacific Life for US$ 465,438+0,000, which was questioned as a bargain sale; Invested in Anxin flooring, the largest solid wood flooring manufacturer in China; In 2006, it used US$ 275 million to absolutely control Xugong Machinery, the leading construction machinery in China, which was resisted by the whole society. The basic experience is: "The success of the project depends largely on the establishment of government relations."
KKR(Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & amp； Co)
Founded in 1976, it is the pioneer of global private equity fund industry. Business mainly in Canada, Europe and other places. Good at management buyouts. Its investors include enterprises and public pensions, financial institutions, insurance companies and university funds. Over the past 30 years, a total of 146 private investments have been completed, with a total transaction amount of $263 billion. By September, 2006, it had invested 27 billion US dollars and got a return of 70 billion US dollars.
In early 2006, KKR set up branches in Hongkong and Tokyo, focusing on Japan, China and South Korea. The company's website declares that the investment principle is "holding leading enterprises in the industry".
In 2006, it failed in the reorganization and merger of Shandong Jinan Boiler Group. Jinan Boiler Group is a national first-class enterprise, which is in a leading position in the field of circulating fluidized bed boilers (CFB). In 2005, it was planned to be reorganized, and KKR was included in the list of major strategic partners. After that, all foreign companies were out, and the state-owned enterprises behind them got a piece of the action.
Executives employed in China:
Liu Haifeng, Managing Director: He used to be the co-director of Morgan Stanley Asia Department, and led Mengniu, Pingbao, Fu Nan, Conch, Hengan International, Shanshui Cement, etc.
Ming Lu, Managing Director: He used to be a partner of JPMorgan Chase Asia Investment Department, based in Hongkong.
JohnBond: Former Chairman of HSBC Holdings, Chairman of Vodafone Group, Chairman of Shanghai Mayor's International Business Leaders Advisory Committee, member of China Development Forum, and member of Hong Kong Chief Executive's International Advisory Committee.
Senior Consultant of China: Liu Chuanzhi (Vice Chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce) and Tian Suning (Former Vice Chairman and CEO of China Netcom).
5. Hua Ping:
Known as one of the oldest private equity capitals in the United States. From 65438 to 0995, Huaping invested more than 500 million US dollars in more than 20 China companies, including AsiaInfo Technology, Carson Industry, Harbor Network and R&F Real Estate. From June, 5438 to February, 2004, CITIC and others jointly acquired 55% equity of Harbin Pharmaceutical Group, creating the first case in which an international fund acquired a large state-owned enterprise. In 2006, it invested in Gome and Yintai Department Store. In 2007, it acquired part of the equity of Zhong Kai Development in the form of equity investment of US$ 30 million, and obtained a shell for real estate development in China. Further develop the real estate investment business in China.
At present, Huaping Group's investment in China and the world is mainly concentrated in the fields of medicine and life sciences, communication and high technology, financial services, manufacturing, media and business services, energy and real estate. The funds used for investment include more than $6,543.8 billion currently managed and $8 billion newly raised.
6. Texas Pacific Architecture Group:
The assets under management globally exceed $30 billion.
Its Asian investment institution, Xinqiao Investment, was named TPG- Xinqiao. Xinqiao Group was established in 1994. 1999 invested 500 billion won to acquire 5 1% equity of First Bank of Korea. China Netcom acquired Asia Global Telecom, and Xinqiao invested heavily. The acquisition of SDB is the first case of foreign capital acquiring a listed bank in China. Participated in Lenovo's acquisition of IBM personal computers.
7.Handing Asia Pacific:
Headquartered in the United States, 1985 was established by Dalin Xu and Hambrecht & Quist is a joint venture with a total scale of about $265,438+billion. Managed 19 fund, with a return on investment of over 30%, and invested in Starbucks and Hilton China Hotel. At the beginning of 2007, it raised $500 million to set up Asia-Pacific Growth Fund V for private equity and M&A investment activities in North Asia such as Greater China, Japan and South Korea.
8. Bain Capital:
Established in 1984, with assets exceeding $25 billion. More than 200 equity investments have been completed, with a total value exceeding $654.38+0.7 billion. At the beginning of 2006, it acquired the sensor and controller business department of Texas Instruments, a famous semiconductor company, for $3 billion.
In June 5438+February, 2006, it was reported that the first Asian fund 1 100 million USD was being raised, with emphasis on investing in China and Japan. Participate in Haier's acquisition of Maytag.
There are SZITIC, Ping An, Penghua Private Equity Fund Co., Ltd. and Guo Xin Private Equity Fund in China, all of which are in Shenzhen, and managed by Beijing Jess Hanergy Asset Management Co., Ltd. and Xiao Hua.