question 1: why should we vigorously develop solar photovoltaic power generation? The main reasons are resource reduction and environmental protection. Photovoltaic power generation has low cost and no pollution.

question 2: Why does Italy attach importance to developing solar energy? Revelation of the development of solar energy industry in Italy

Polaris Solar Photovoltaic Network 211-9-7 9:41:38 I want to contribute

Keywords: Solar Photovoltaic Italy

Polaris Solar Photovoltaic Network News: According to a report recently released by SolarPlaza, a Dutch solar energy industry consulting company, in 21, due to various appropriate incentive policies, the installed capacity of solar energy in Italy was second only to that in Europe. In the first half of this year, Italian solar photovoltaic title= photovoltaic news topic >; The total installed capacity of photovoltaic has exceeded three times that of Germany. It seems a foregone conclusion that Italy ranks among the largest solar photovoltaic market in the world.

The industry is developing rapidly

It is in such a big country with rising solar energy. A few years ago, developing solar energy was almost a "romantic concept".

according to the statistics released by the European photovoltaic industry association and the Italian national electricity bureau, in 28, the cumulative installed capacity of solar photovoltaic in Italy was only 711 MW. The solar energy industry, which is almost popular in Europe, does not seem to have much attraction in Italy. However, only one year later, in 29, the solar energy industry in Italy made great strides, and the cumulative installed photovoltaic capacity exceeded 1142 MW; Solar photovoltaic power generation has also soared from 193 GWh in 28 to 673 GWh. According to the statistics of SolarPlaza, by the end of 21, the total installed capacity of solar photovoltaic in Italy reached about 3.4 GW; In July this year, this figure further rose to 9 GW. This has even completely broken Italy's previous solar energy development goal of achieving a total installed photovoltaic capacity of 8 GW by 22.

compared with the slowdown in the development of solar energy industry in neighboring countries, Italy has become the hottest solar energy market in Europe, especially in Europe, which is seriously troubled by economic problems. However, Italy * * * is not satisfied with its immediate achievements, and has put forward a breakthrough goal of solar energy development, with a total installed capacity of 23 GW by 216. The above achievements made the United States, which is far away from the ocean, sit up and take notice of it, and sent a delegation composed of executives of power companies to come to Italy to learn from it.

"Today, the amount of renewable energy power, especially solar power, is increasing. We are looking for a more reasonable and systematic method for development. " Daniel, head of renewable energy management and energy efficiency department of Italian utility giant Enel? Agostini said.

Policy helps growth

The rapid development of Italian solar energy industry is influenced and promoted by the development of photovoltaic power generation market in Europe and even global solar. On the other hand, it benefits from its inherent advantages in the development and utilization of solar energy resources; At the same time, it is also inseparable from its implementation of a series of policies to stimulate industrial development.

Italy is located in the sunny Apennines and Mediterranean region in southern Europe, with abundant solar energy resources and great potential for development and utilization. Compared with central and western Europe, the cost of using solar photovoltaic power generation is relatively low.

In addition, Italy is a country lacking in energy, and most of its energy is imported from abroad. Statistics show that Italy's domestic oil and natural gas production can only meet the domestic market demand of 4.5% and 22% respectively; Nuclear power generation was rejected by a referendum as early as 21 years ago. As a result, about 85% of energy imports make the cost of power generation in Italy high. The pressure of energy crisis and the demand of low-carbon economy make Italy turn its attention to the field of clean energy represented by solar energy.

in 25, Italy * * * formulated and announced the ContoEnergia plan, and launched a brand-new feed-in tariff subsidy policy. According to its target, by the end of 26, Italy's installed photovoltaic capacity will reach 5 MW. In 27, Italy * * * revised the Energy Encouragement Fund twice, which not only adjusted the subsidy policy of feed-in tariff, but also cancelled the scale ceiling of no more than 1 MW for a single power station and the annual new capacity ceiling of 85 MW, and also stipulated that the subsidy standard of feed-in tariff would remain unchanged before the end of 28. This revision makes the new version of the Energy Encouragement Fund more perfect than the original one, and the procedures for applying for electricity price subsidies are also simpler. This new subsidy policy has brought about a real take-off of the photovoltaic market in Italy, which has led to a quantitative leap in the installed capacity of photovoltaic systems in Italy in 27 and 28. >

question 3: does the solar energy industry have a development prospect? at present, Germany and Japan are the world leaders in photovoltaic industry. Why are these two countries that do not have the unique conditions for solar photovoltaic power generation successful? The reasons behind it should arouse our attention. Compared with Japanese, China's solar photovoltaic industry is still in the primary stage, and it has not been installed on a large scale. What can China's photovoltaic industry learn from Japanese experience? In an interview with this newspaper, Shen Hongwen, a researcher of China Investment Consulting's new energy industry, said that the following experiences can be used for reference:

Global warming and high energy prices have forced Japan, an energy-deficient country, to give priority to the photovoltaic industry in national development. Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry uses various measures to develop its own photovoltaic industry, including "New Sunshine Project", "Five-year research and development plan of photovoltaic power generation technology" and "residential photovoltaic system promotion plan". Relevant information shows that Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry began to implement the "New Sunshine Project" in 1993, and laid out the establishment of Japan's local solar photovoltaic industry and solar energy market. Through a series of * * * funding and related research, development and demonstration, great progress has been made in solar cell manufacturing technology and cost reduction. In this process, Japan not only has a number of top solar companies in the world, but also installed solar roof systems for 5, households. At the same time, Japan has also ended its * * * funding for roof systems, and the photovoltaic industry is fully capable of competing with other power sources. First of all, * * * strongly supports the photovoltaic industry and has successively issued relevant policies. Japan has regarded the development of solar energy as a part of its future energy strategy since 197s, and since then, it has continuously introduced supporting policies. Looking at the idea of Japan's * * * policy: implementing high subsidies to promote the enthusiasm of photovoltaic enterprises in R&D and production, it shows the state's encouraging attitude towards new energy. At the same time, it solves the application problem of grid-connected power generation system and eliminates the worries of enterprises. After that, it tilted to the civil system and expanded the installed capacity. According to the current situation in China, high subsidies may have the opposite effect from the beginning, but the idea of Japanese photovoltaic policy is still worth learning.

secondly, enterprises persist in combining the economic benefits and social benefits of photovoltaic power generation. When the photovoltaic industry was just developed in Japan, the photovoltaic business income of many enterprises accounted for less than 1% of the total income. However, because all enterprises recognized the prospect of the photovoltaic industry, they still invested heavily in photovoltaic research and development. Today, Japanese PV companies have made great achievements. According to the Report on Investment Analysis and Prospect Forecast of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation Industry in China from 21 to 215 issued by China Investment Consulting, Japan's Sharp Company occupied the first place in global solar's battery production for seven consecutive years from 2 to 26. In addition, the scientific and technological research and development level of Japanese companies such as Sharp and Kyoto Ceramics is also in the forefront of the world. Finally, the Japanese people have a strong sense of conservation and environmental protection. Japanese citizens have received education on energy conservation and environmental protection since childhood, strongly supported the national environmental protection policy, and actively responded to the national call, which greatly promoted the popularization rate of solar photovoltaic systems.

In addition, Zhang Yanlin, research director of China Investment Consulting, also pointed out that Japan's experience in developing photovoltaic industry is worth learning, and that is to pay attention to the cultivation of talents. The development of an industry cannot be separated from a team of high-quality talents. Japan's high investment in the training of solar professionals has achieved good results, which not only promotes the development of photovoltaic industry, but also reduces the employment pressure.

although it remains to be further discussed whether these policies are in line with the "appetite" of China's photovoltaic industry development, China might as well learn some nutrients from the development experience of Japanese photovoltaic industry, so that the domestic photovoltaic industry can take fewer detours. In 21, the country launched the "Bright Project Plan", aiming at solving the problem of electricity consumption in remote mountainous areas through photovoltaic power generation.

In 23, Yingli and Wuxi Suntech successively put into production, becoming the first batch of photovoltaic module manufacturers in China.

In 24, German introduced the photovoltaic grid-connected policy, and the export of photovoltaic modules in China surged.

In 24, Wuxi Suntech successfully landed on NYSE, becoming the first private new energy enterprise in China to be listed overseas.

The Renewable Energy Law was passed in 25 to encourage the development and utilization of non-fossil energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy and ocean energy.

In 27, the Medium-and Long-term Development Plan of Renewable Energy was issued, and it was proposed that the total installed photovoltaic capacity would reach 2, MW by 22.

In 28, the amendment of the Renewable Energy Law put forward the renewable energy subsidy standard, that is, users need to pay 1% for each kilowatt hour of electricity.

In 29, the state began to implement the "Golden Sun" project, giving 5% of the grid-connected photovoltaic power generation projects or ... >; >

question 4: what is the future development trend of solar energy? With the increasing shortage of energy and the increasing pressure of environmental protection, the exhaustion of oil is almost like a spell, which brings anxiety to mankind. What is a substitute for non-renewable energy such as oil? All countries have begun to promote renewable energy, among which the development and utilization of solar energy has become the hottest "new favorite" of renewable energy. It is the general trend to develop solar energy, and the solar energy era is not far away.

solar energy utilization refers to the direct conversion and utilization of solar energy. Using the principle of photovoltaic effect of semiconductor devices, converting solar radiation energy into electric energy is called solar photovoltaic technology. It belongs to solar energy utilization technology to convert solar radiation energy into heat energy, and it also belongs to this technical field to use heat energy to generate electricity.

in recent years, international photovoltaic power generation has developed rapidly. In 1973, the United States formulated a * * * class solar power generation plan; In 198, photovoltaic power generation was officially included in the public power planning, with a cumulative investment of more than 8 million US dollars. In the fiscal budget of 1994, the budget for photovoltaic power generation reached more than 78 million dollars, an increase of 23.4% over 1993; In 1997, the United States and Europe announced one million rooftop photovoltaic plans, and the United States plans to install 1～3MW solar cells by 21. Japan is not willing to lag behind. In 1997, the subsidy for the rooftop photovoltaic program was as high as 92 million US dollars, and the installation target was 76Mw. India plans to produce 15MW solar cells in 1998-22, including 5MW in 22. The leading country in this sunshine revolution is Germany. In the face of strong competition, Germany's solar energy industry is still outstanding and fruitful. In 25, the turnover of enterprises in the industry reached 3.7 billion euros, and there were about 5, companies, with 42, employees including R&D and service. A person from the German Federal Solar Energy Economic Association said: "The installed capacity of solar power generation worldwide will increase from 1,21 MW in 25 to 3, MW in 21, with an annual growth rate of 22%." Germany has the earliest knowledge of solar energy and is in the forefront; A quarter of the world's solar cells are produced in Germany, and Germany's global market share has remained at 1% for five years.

in order to accelerate the development of solar energy industry, Germany * * * popularizes the use of solar energy through various promotional activities. In June last year, the world-renowned German Inter solar Conference was held in Frejborg, Germany. Inter solar, a German solar exhibition, started in 2 and is held once a year. It is the largest professional exhibition in Europe, focusing on photoelectricity, solar thermal energy technology and solar energy construction. It is co-sponsored by EATIF European Photovoltaic Industry Union, BSW German Solar Industry Association and ISES International Solar Energy Union. Due to the strong growth momentum of solar energy industry, the venues of Freiburg International Exhibition Center (***1 pavilions) were fully opened, with a total exhibition area of 31, square meters. According to statistics, 647 exhibitors and more than 26, visitors from more than 9 countries were present, and 5 solar energy enterprises in China participated in the exhibition. The participation of famous domestic enterprises in the industry has once again proved the irreplaceable importance of the exhibition in the field of solar energy. Most exhibitors expressed satisfaction with the effect and will continue to participate in the exhibition in 28. Due to the explosion of exhibition scale, the exhibition will bid farewell to Freiburg in 28 and move to Munich New Trade Exhibition Center. According to the organizer, the total exhibition area of the exhibition in 28 will reach 62, square meters, and it is expected that more than 8 manufacturers from all over the world and 35, professional trade visitors will be present. This will be a rare opportunity for China solar manufacturers to expand overseas markets.

In recent years, the solar energy industry has developed rapidly in China, and China has become the third largest producer of photovoltaic products in the world after Japanese and German, which is a great contribution made by China to improving the deteriorating global environment. With the introduction of relevant laws and policies in China, China, which is chronically short of energy, is expected to become the largest photovoltaic power generation market in the world. Fossil energy will eventually be exhausted, and the absolute reserves cannot meet the needs of long-term human development. It is inevitable to find alternative energy sources. Solar energy is an inevitable energy choice for human beings, and its future development will be bright.

question 5: the development prospect of solar energy. from 1974 to 1997, the power generation cost of silicon semiconductor photovoltaic cells in developed countries such as the United States and Japan decreased by an order of magnitude: from $5 to $5 per watt. Since then, most experts from all over the world believe that there is still a long way to go to make solar power plants economically competitive with traditional power plants (mainly thermal power plants)-its cost can only be reduced by another order of magnitude. Before the United States and other countries built many projects using solar pools to generate electricity. There is a 7,-square-meter experimental solar pond built in 1979 on the bank of the Dead Sea, which provides heat for a 15 kW generator. The United States plans to build 8.3% of its salt lake area (about 8, square kilometers) into a solar pond to provide heat for a 6 MW generator set. In June this year, experts from Armenian Institute of Radio Physics announced that they had started to build its "first small-scale experimental model" industrial solar power station in the mountainous area of the country. The turbine used in this power station has a long service life.