Bus route 1:
A. Take bus No.314, No.345 Express, No.87, No.21 Changping, No.492 Outer Ring, No.491 Inner Ring, No.886 and No.925 to the south gate of the University of Political Science and Law, and walk to the north gate of the University of Political Science and Law for 1 meters.
B. Take the subway to Jishuitan Station on Line 2, exit at the northeast exit of Exit A, and then transfer to Bus No.886 (formerly No.919 No.6) and get off at the north gate of University of Political Science and Law, and walk 1 meters west of the north gate of University of Political Science and Law.
bus route 2:
a. From Beijing Railway Station, Beijing South Railway Station, Beijing West Railway Station, Beijing North Railway Station and Liuliqiao Bus Station: take a bus or subway to Jishuitan Station of Metro Line 2, exit from Exit A (northeast exit), go 3 meters ahead, transfer to Bus No.886 or No.345 (express), get off at the north gate of University of Political Science and Law, and walk 1 meters west.
B. From the Capital Airport: take the airport bus and get off at Deshengmen Station, then transfer to Bus No.886 or No.345 (express) and get off at the north gate of University of Political Science and Law, and walk 1 meters west of the north gate of University of Political Science and Law.
Marx and Florence Nightingale, the revolutionary instructors of p>abc, were contemporaries. He admired and moved Florence Nightingale's bravery and dedication, and wrote two enthusiastic newsletters, which were published in the German newspaper New Oder and the American newspaper new york Tribune respectively, so that the world could know this great woman. Florence Nightingale's great contributions are as follows: First, she founded the first regular nursing school in the world and left the front line after the war in November 1856. After returning home, she had no time to take care of her tired and weak body, and immediately set out to write books and devote herself to the intense work of starting a nursing school. Her books and more than 1 papers have been regarded as important contributions to nursing education and hospital management for many years.
On June 24th, 186, she used the huge sum of money donated by people from all walks of life in Britain in recognition of her merits as the "Nightingale Fund" to establish the "Nightingale Nurse Training School" at St. Domas Hospital in London. St. Domas's Hospital was established in 1213 and has a long-standing reputation in Britain. The difference between this hospital and other hospitals is that it has never been controlled by religion. This school, which is regarded by later generations as the first formal nursing school in the world, aims at taking nursing as a scientific profession and testing a new non-religious school. She made clear regulations on school management, selecting students, arranging courses, practicing and evaluating grades, and formally established a nursing education system, which initiated the great cause of modern nursing specialty. This is an unprecedented contribution to the whole mankind. For this reason, she deserves to be praised as a pioneer of nursing career by future generations. She deeply felt that it was extremely difficult to cultivate nursing talents, so she formulated two principles: first, nurses should not only do the work of "scrubbing"; Secondly, you should not be a head nurse and teach others unless you are trained.
nightingale's school plan and basic principles are as follows: "Nurses must receive technical training in specially organized hospitals, and nurses must live in school dormitories that are adapted to improving morality and observing discipline." She drew up the "Daily Report of Students' Conduct and Academic Achievements". In 1871, the new building of St. Domas Hospital was completed, and the Nightingale Nursing School was also expanded. She advocated that the school should become a home for nurses and a training place for morality, religion and practice. All the students live on campus, with nuns as housekeepers, encouraging them to read books and attend Bible classes to listen to music to develop their interests. She hopes that her students will be absolutely loyal and enthusiastic about professional nursing, diligent and ethical. There were 15 students in the first session of this school. By 189, after more than 3 years of nursing education, 15 students were trained. Most of the outstanding students were hired by hospitals in Britain, the United States and Asia to set up nursing schools.
Nightingale's students are all over major hospitals in Britain and far away from home. At the same time, nightingale-style nursing schools have been established in Europe and America. The curriculum and organizational management of "Nightingale Nurse Training School" has become the model of many nursing schools in Eurasia. With the increase of trained nurses, the nursing career has developed rapidly, which is called the Nightingale era internationally. Before nightingale's nursing reform, nursing work was regarded as a lowly occupation, which was not respected by people, and the salary was very low. She cooked three meals a day in the ward by herself. At that time, the image of British nurses was a crude and old-fashioned woman, ignorant, dirty, drunk and rude. She was notorious in the hospital and could not perform any medical tasks, but her status was only slightly higher than that of domestic nannies. At that time, most of the wards in the hospital were a large unified room, and the beds were closely connected, which was messy and indecent. The walls and floors were covered with blood and stains and smelled bad. This bad phenomenon was almost the same everywhere.
the important meaning of nightingale's nursing training is to make the whole society know that nursing is a kind of "technology" and raise it to the status of "specialized occupation". Therefore, nightingale is called "the founder of modern nursing", which is a natural result, such as the superior moral character of nursing staff, the improvement of social status and the increase of salary. There are three main ways for nightingale to complete and improve these tasks, namely, setting an example, writing books and preaching and practicing in person.
since nightingale's time, nursing practice education has been regarded as the main content of nursing profession. Since the 19th century, it has been discussed to formulate nursing operation standards, nurses' tasks and work contents. Developing nursing career in the front line; Reforming the British military medical system; The establishment of modern nursing education, the rescue of wounded soldiers in the Franco-Prussian War and the establishment of the International Red Cross all benefited from nightingale's assistance and support. Nightingale's achievements are famous in Britain. Europe and the United States also recognize her as an expert in nursing. In 1861, during the American Civil War, the Union Army wanted to ask her to help set up a hospital to treat the wounded soldiers. She provided the medical system and statistical data about American operations. After the war, the Christian League of America sent a special letter of thanks. Since then, whenever there are major medical problems and plans in various countries, she is always the first person to be consulted. Although she works like a mountain, she has always maintained close contact and concern for nursing education and nursing work. She once assisted the nursing home of Liverpool poor workhouse to establish a nursing system, and sent her proud disciple and 12 professional nurses to work.
in p>1863, the naming and classification of diseases in Britain were confused, and hospitals in different places acted in their own way. Nightingale formulated the standard model of medical statistics, which was adopted by hospitals in Britain one after another and was recognized as a great contribution.
ii. nightingale's contribution and influence to modern nursing. nightingale thinks that the concept of nursing is "to take the responsibility of protecting people's health and nursing patients to make them in the best condition". In December 1859, she wrote in Nursing Notes that "we have no better language to express the word nursing, so we used the word' nursing'". As soon as it was published, this book was regarded as "the first important work" and "the epoch-making rare work" by famous figures in the medical and health circles. Nursing Notes has become a must-read classic for nurses. Not only is it very popular in Britain, but it is also very popular in America. Later, as a textbook for nursing schools, it was translated into many foreign languages for distribution. The book brilliantly points out the social, biological and spiritual influence of nursing work on self. Based on facts, data and observation, she summarized the working principles, experience, rules and training methods. She made an important contribution to the science of nursing. She pointed out that "what a nurse should do is to put the patient in the best condition and let the body recover by itself", put forward the earliest and most general view on the nature of nursing, and established the beginning of nursing specialization. She emphasizes that nurses should be held by people with good moral character, dedication and nobility, and requires nursing students to be "obedient, temperate, neat and faithful". She not only attaches importance to nursing education, but also attaches importance to nurses' moral education, and selects 15-3 students from 1-2 applications for admission every year. Most of the students were selected by her. The conditions are educated, enterprising, quick-thinking, dexterity, strong judgment and a certain level of education and religious belief. She believes that these qualities and conditions are suitable for becoming a nurse. She asked women to be "truthful, honest and solemn" and said, "Without these three things, nothing will be achieved."
nightingale believes that nursing should not only be carried out in hospitals, but also preventive medicine should be organized through communities. At the same time, she points out: "Home care needs to educate nurses more than well-equipped hospitals or sanatoriums, how to improve the living conditions according to the patients' conditions, carry out education on family health care and disease prevention, and demonstrate how to care for patients at home." She stressed that special training schools should also be set up to engage in home care in lots. With her encouragement, she started the modern family nursing in public health areas, which greatly enriched the content of nursing.
nightingale believes that disease is a "repair process". She also believes that in order to maintain or restore health, treat or prevent diseases, nursing should create a good environment for patients, distinguish the differences between nursing patients and nursing diseases, and treat patients as a whole. When Nightingale was the director of London Women's Hospital, she clearly pointed out that nurses should not only treat patients, but also do the following nursing work, such as making the ward fresh, comfortable, clean and quiet, doing well in life care, diet care, increasing nutrition and so on. Specific requirements and standards are put forward for the nutritional problems of patients' diet, sunshine, ward air and absolute silence of the environment. She attaches great importance to the psychological factors in the process of patient care, and even requires "social workers, priests and managers to work together to care for patients." In the Nursing Memorandum, she emphasized the importance of observation and expounded the necessity of targeted work and basic nursing behaviors.
nightingale pointed out the architectural shortcomings of many hospitals, and thought that the first condition of hospital architectural design was not to bring harm to patients, and emphasized that the hospital architecture should first consider the comfort, arrangement, welfare and hygiene of patients rather than its luxury. According to the survey data, she put forward more detailed arguments on the environmental sanitation management, ward construction, furnishings, the number of beds, cleaning equipment and easy work and management layout of the hospital. In 1859, nightingale completed a "Hospital Summary", which put forward a revolutionary theory on hospital architecture and hospital management. She stressed that good construction, hygiene and management can make patients get better care. She put forward new opinions on ward management and changed the concept of nursing. This book had a great influence and impact at that time, and was regarded as the authoritative speech and model of hospital reform. Many nurses at home and abroad have bought them in succession. Over the past 1 years since nightingale started school, nursing has been developing continuously. Nursing in the 2th century is very different from that founded by nightingale, and great changes have taken place in the knowledge structure of nursing, the purpose of nursing, the object of nursing and the role of nurses. However, nightingale's understanding and improvement of nursing work and his insightful and unique views still have far-reaching influence and guidance at that time and now.
On August 13th, 191, Nightingale died suddenly in her sleep at the age of 9. Her life, through the whole Victorian era, has made superhuman contributions to the creation of nursing career. She devoted all her life to the reform and development of nursing and achieved brilliant achievements that attracted worldwide attention. All this made her a great woman who stood out in the 19th century and was admired and praised by the world. In order to commemorate her achievements, in 1912, the International Nurses' Association (ICN) proposed that hospitals and nursing schools in various countries should hold commemorative activities on the birthday of Nightingale on May 12 every year, and change May 12 to the International Nurses' Day to remember and commemorate this great woman.