The elements of a publication are as follows:
First, the information and knowledge content that readers need.
The second is a certain way of expressing information knowledge, including words, images, symbols, audio, video, codes and so on. The so-called multimedia publication is actually a publication that uses the above-mentioned multiple forms of expression in one medium at the same time.
Third, a certain material carrier is the basis of knowledge and information.
Fourthly, knowledge information is attached to the material carrier through a certain mode of production.
Fifth, present a certain appearance. Printed publications, records, audio tapes, video tapes, laser discs and other audio-visual publications, microfilms (such as flat films and microfilms) and electronic publications (such as magnetic disks and optical disks) are common forms of presentation of publications.
1. According to the regulations of UNESCO, publications in a broad sense include periodical publications and irregular publications. Periodical publications are divided into newspapers and magazines (also called periodicals).
(1) periodicity: divided into newspapers and magazines; Newspapers are divided into daily newspapers and non-daily newspapers by time. Daily newspapers are published more than 4 times a week, and non-daily newspapers are published less than 4 times. Newspapers can be divided into general newspapers whose contents are widely read by the masses and professional newspapers whose contents are specially read by specific objects. Magazines generally include weekly, xunkan, bimonthly, monthly, bimonthly, quarterly, annual and so on. Yearbooks are generally called yearbooks. There are also some magazines that are published irregularly.
(2) Irregular: mainly books (including books, teaching materials and pictures). Books have covers and are bound into volumes. This painting has no cover or binding. Accidental publications mainly refer to books, which are generally synonymous with books, but in statistical work, books are sometimes regarded as the general term of books, textbooks and pictures. Books are generally published irregularly, but some books are published continuously and have a predetermined approximate publication date, which is called series or series. Books are divided into two categories according to the number of pages: except the cover, books with more than 48 pages are called books; The text is only 48 pages, and those with less than 48 pages are called brochures. Because of its complexity, many countries have not adopted this distinction. At the same time, books and pamphlets cannot be understood as two incompatible concepts. In fact, the pamphlet is part of the book. No matter how many pages there are, all books have covers. A wall chart, a single map, and a single picture (such as a poster or a New Year picture) without a cover and a bound volume are not books.
2. publications in a narrow sense only include books and magazines, not newspapers, because newspapers belong to the field of news. As for the appropriateness of audio-visual books as publications, there are also different opinions. These problems will gradually become clear in practice.
Traditional publications
Traditional publications, including newspapers, magazines and books, are printed. Since the phonograph was invented at the end of19th century, the function and production method of records are similar to those of books, which are all about transforming spiritual products into material forms, making originals and copying them, so as to facilitate the spread in a certain range, so the production of records is also called publishing. Records have also become a publication.
4. New publications: With the invention and application of phonograph, microfilm, recording technology, video recording technology and computer, new non-printing publications have appeared, namely records, microfilms, audio tapes, video tapes and CDs, commonly known as microfilm, audio-visual materials and electronic publications. Mainly divided into newspapers, periodicals, books, audio-visual products, electronic publications and Internet publications. The production of microfilm (roll), audio tape, video tape and floppy disk that have been copied by different technical means and have certain communication functions is also called publishing. Such products are also regarded as publications, also collectively referred to as audio-visual books, or simply referred to as microfilm, audio-visual materials and electronic publications respectively. With the progress of modern technology, there will be many new developments in the material form and content of publications.
legal ground
Regulations on the administration of publication
Article 23 Citizens may, in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations, freely express their opinions and wishes on state affairs, economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs in publications, and freely publish their scientific research, literary and artistic creations and other cultural activities.
Legal publications are protected by law, and no organization or individual may illegally interfere, prevent or destroy them.
Article 28 A publication must indicate the author, publisher, printer or reproducer, publisher's name, address, book number, serial number or edition number, cataloguing data in edition, publication date, release date and other relevant matters in accordance with relevant state regulations.
The specifications, format, layout, binding and proofreading of publications must meet the requirements of national standards and norms to ensure the quality of publications.
The language used in publications must conform to the provisions of national laws and relevant standards and norms.