Compared with developed countries, the challenges faced by China's aging population have a special background in terms of the present situation and solutions of the problem of providing for the aged. Developed countries have entered an aging society after basically realizing modernization, which belongs to? Get rich first and get old later? Or? Synchronization between the rich and the old? China, on the other hand, entered the aging society ahead of schedule before basically realizing modernization, which is typical? Get old before you get rich? . Coupled with the basic national conditions of a large population and great differences in development, the problem of providing for the aged in China is more complicated and more difficult to solve.
First, the level of economic development is not high, and public finance investment is limited. Development is the key to solving all the problems in China? Keys? The same is true for old-age care. At present, China's GDP accounts for110 in the world, and its per capita GDP ranks more than 80 in the world, but it has to feed 1/5 of the world's elderly. This determines that China's per capita public finance is limited, and it can also reduce old-age care? Cake? Even less.
Second, the aging speed is fast, and the construction of the old-age security system can't keep up. Generally speaking, the aging of the population is a gradual process from the current situation of the problem of providing for the aged and the measures to solve it. The age structure of the population has changed from an adult type to an elderly type. France, the United States and Britain used 1 15, 66 and 45 years respectively, while China only used 18 years. This shows that the problem of providing for the aged in developed countries has appeared in stages for a long time, but only concentrated in China in the short term. Although China's old-age security system has been initially established, it is impossible to improve the system and improve the treatment overnight, which is in sharp contrast with the rapidly growing demand for old-age care.
Third, the family is getting smaller and smaller, and the family's pension function is weakened. Raising children and preventing old age is a traditional way of providing for the aged in China. Nowadays, due to the implementation of the one-child policy and the acceleration of population mobility, families are getting smaller and smaller, even empty-nested. At present, the only-child families in China have accounted for 1/3, and the average family size is less than 3. 1 person. 4? 2? 1? Family structure model is becoming more and more common. Is the population prosperous? 、? Children and grandchildren around their knees? This phenomenon is difficult to appear, and the resources that families can provide for the elderly are getting less and less.
Fourth, due to historical factors, personal pension reserves are insufficient. As far as the present situation of the pension problem and the measures to solve it are concerned, the pension reserve began at an early age. Both basic old-age insurance and personal savings are accumulated before retirement. However, most of the elderly in our country were born around the founding of New China. Before the reform and opening up, China implemented it for a long time? Low salary and more work? Policy and internal retirement pension system. These old people accumulated little personal wealth when they were young and middle-aged. After the establishment of the social endowment insurance system, their pensions are mainly borne by the state finance and the social endowment insurance fund. More recommendations:
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