? The Nobel Prize was founded with part of the legacy of Alfred bernhard Nobel (1833- 1896), a famous Swedish chemist, industrialist and inventor of nitroglycerin explosives. Nobel prizes include gold medals, certificates and bonuses. Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden. He devoted his life to the study of explosives and made great achievements in the study of nitroglycerin. He not only engaged in theoretical research, but also engaged in industrial practice. He obtained 355 patents for technological inventions in his life, and opened about 100 companies and factories in 20 countries on five continents, such as Europe and America, and accumulated huge wealth.

1896 10 February 10, Nobel died in Italy. A year before his death, he left a will. In his will, he proposed to use part of his legacy (SEK 365,438+0 million, that is, $9.2 million at that time) as a fund, and put the fund into low-risk investment. According to his annual profit and interest, he divided five prizes into physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, and awarded them to people or organizations all over the world who have made great contributions to mankind in these fields.

Accordingly, the Swedish government approved the establishment of the Nobel Foundation in June 1900, and awarded the Nobel Prize for the first time on the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death the following year, namely 190 1, 12, 10. Since then, in addition to the wartime interruption, grand awards ceremonies will be held on this day every year in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway.

? According to Nobel's will, in the whole selection process, the winners are not influenced by any nationality, nationality, ideology or religion, and the only criterion for selection is the size of achievements.