From 65438 to 0965, the new President Pif was more inclined to equality and improvement, and the 1960s was the period when the American civil rights movement rose and won a decisive victory. Under this trend, the Carnegie Foundation made a series of donations in 1963 to improve the black higher education, * * * 1.5 million dollars. The foundation has also funded several unique tasks that are conducive to the elimination of apartheid, such as helping primary and secondary school teachers understand the black language in order to better communicate with children; To study the political issues involved in the abolition of apartheid schools in the north; Accept black middle school students who drop out of school, make up lessons for them and let them go to school; Train black lawyers who can actively participate in the civil rights movement, set up more law firms in East Harlem, and set up a national committee against housing discrimination. All this work is carried out by funding relevant organizations.

During this period, the board of directors of Carnegie Foundation, like many foundations at that time, decided to change its status of all white-Anglo-Saxon-Protestant (WASP), increase women and ethnic minorities, and expand regional and social circles. Later, he further participated in a broader research and governance plan on urban poverty, crisis and inter-ethnic relations. Work is more inclined to social justice, equality and human resources development. 1972 stopped the funding of the original successful medical education and medical projects, and the focus of education shifted from higher education to primary and secondary schools, especially the educational opportunities for poor children.

In the 1970s, there was further action on the issue of black people. During the 65,438+00 years from 65,438+0972, we donated * * * 4 million dollars to the NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund, the Native American Rights Fund, the mexican american Legal Defense Fund and the Education Litigation and Education Fund, and also funded Puerto Rican laws. During this period, the Foundation donated US$ 65,438+05 million to some projects involving the rights of ethnic minorities, women and disabled children, which appealed to and supervised the government. To this end, the Foundation established an independent organization, Carnegie Council for Children, chaired by a psychologist from Yale University, and produced five reports, some of which went beyond the issue of children's education, but pointed directly at the economic inequality of the whole society and put forward suggestions on full employment and subsidizing family income. These reports caused great controversy. Under the leadership of the president, the Foundation further funded a scholar, Jencks, to write a more radical book called "Inequality", which sharply criticized American society and thought that education could not be equal under the condition of fundamental social inequality.

Similar to his predecessor Gardner, Pif tried to extend public welfare to social improvement, but he was more radical and an idealistic social reformer. However, his tenure at the Carnegie Foundation was from Nixon to the Reagan administration, which was a period when American thought tended to be conservative. So many of his ideals have not been realized. In his last article, he summed up his thoughts on public welfare in the past 30 years, expressed grief and indignation at the "humbleness" of American spirit, the deviation from social justice and the irresponsibility of society to vulnerable groups and children, and called for a change of course and a return to the welfare policy road from 1930s to 1960s.