1. Issue bonds. Refers to commercial banks raising funds from the currency or capital market by issuing financial bonds. In the past, only three policy banks in my country issued financial bonds.

2. Liabilities to the central bank. Refers to the business behavior of commercial banks borrowing funds from the central bank. At present, the main forms are re-lending, re-discounting and central bank open market reverse repurchase.

3. Liabilities to peers. Refers to the business behavior of commercial banks borrowing funds from financial institutions.

4. Agreement deposit. Refers to commercial banks introducing large deposit funds from insurance companies, social security funds, postal savings and money market funds in accordance with policies and regulations, and agreeing on terms and interest rates.

Extended information

Development status and problems:

my country's commercial banks have passive liabilities accounting for the vast majority (more than 90%), and active liabilities are in the source of funds The proportion is still too low. The proportion of passive liabilities of U.S. commercial banks has dropped from 89% in 1975 to 71.7% in 2005, and the proportion of active liabilities of large U.S. banks is much higher than that of small banks.

Because large banks increasingly use active liabilities as an important source of short-term funds to meet loan needs and emergency arrangements, while small banks can only rely on general deposits due to size and credit rating restrictions. But in our country, it is just the opposite. State-owned commercial banks have large deposits and little motivation to develop active liabilities. Small and medium-sized commercial banks have developed rapidly in active liabilities in recent years due to few branches, small scale, and tight funds.