? First, the south of Taihang Eight Dragons is the Three Dragons: Longmen, Taihang Dragon and Bailong.
? "Taihang Eight Dragons" are Jiguanlong, Taihang Dragon, Bailong, Jikoulong, Jingxinglong, Hufeilong, Puyinlong and Dujunlong from south to north. Among them, Nansanhong is located in Henan.
? (1) Ji Guanji: Ji was Weicheng during the Warring States Period, so it is located in Jizhen Town, east of Jiyuan City, Henan Province. Guan Guan is located in Wan Li, West 11th, Jiyuan City. Guan Guan is a tunnel, so it is called Guan Guan. The situation is very serious. It has been the place where soldiers go in and out since ancient times, and it is the first place to go. So is the end of the axle. For those who pass through the gate, the passage should be just a dangerous gate for cars. When talking about the situation under the sun, Su Qin, a military strategist, once said that "the road under Qin moved south", and the road under Qin was the road under Qin.
It is the "tail point" at the southernmost end of Taihang Mountain where Guan Zhe passes. During Jin Wengong's period, it was precisely because of military expansion and reinforcement that his army went deep into the Central Plains through this road. There is a modern expressway going this way now. Nearby attractions include wulongkou Macaque Nature Reserve, Wuwangshan Forest Park, Yellow River Xiaolangdi Reservoir and Jidu Temple.
When you leave Jiyuan, follow the direction of Wuwangshan, take provincial highway 3 12, and the bus crosses Libazhuang from the northern plain of Henan, about 83 kilometers to Fengmenkou Village. Go up 20 meters along the street sign of Fengmenkou Village and turn right about 2 kilometers, which is an important pass in Guan Zhe. On the way into the village, you can also see the ancient stone bridge leading to the ancient road. At the entrance of Fengmenkou village, you can see the ruins of ancient Mengguan, and the stone pier of Mengguan on the side of the earth wall is faintly discernible. In the Warring States Policy, Su Qin said that the prince of Zhao "moved south from the Qin Dynasty", and the road he was referring to was the gateway to the customs, that is, the place where this modern highway passed.
After the entrance is sealed, the gate leading to Wuwangshan Scenic Area will be closed. Passing through Wuwangshan, you can reach the ancient town on the north bank of Xiaolangdi Reservoir on the Yellow River. Archaeological teams have been excavating the ancient city of Shang Dynasty here since 1980s. The ancient city is small, located on a high platform, backed by Taihang Mountain and surrounded by water on three sides. Its position is dangerous and its defense is solid. It is locked in the portal of Houma, north of Boqing River, and it is probably a military fortress. Ji Guan entered Yuanqu, Shanxi, and went straight to the ancient town on the north bank of Xiaolangdi Reservoir in the Yellow River. After Yuanqu, there were Jiangxian, Quwo and Houma. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the capital of Jin moved between these neighboring cities.
On the way from congjiang county to Quwo, on the hill next to a small village called Xiacun, there is a tomb of Jin Wengong Zhong Er, which was rebuilt by the villagers, and a stone statue of him. Zhaobei Village, Quwo Town, has the earliest site of the Golden Shield. In Houma, there is the site of Prince Ping of Xintian, the last capital of the State of Jin, and the last pass-Tieshaguan, which is located on the Zijinshan Mountain, about 8 kilometers south of houma city, on the Taihang Mountain, and the south Tongpu Railway passes through the territory. It is marked as "Pass" on the map, but the locals still call it "Erkou", which means guarding.
This pass was built during the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty and was guarded by General Weichi Gong. At present, there are only some residual walls and city gate mounds left in the iron gate. Standing next to the mound at the city gate, the locals call it "Puckilo, Puckilo, Puckilo", and Guancheng is located on Guguan Road in the left high mountain and right deep ditch. The terrain is dangerous, easy to defend but difficult to attack. It can be said that at this point, things that run through northwest Henan and southeast Shanxi have come to an end.
? (2) Taihang Mountain: Taihang Road starts from Maanshan, Shanwangzhuang, Qinyang City, Henan Province in the south and ends in Zezhou County, Jincheng City in the north. Among the mountains, the tunnel is like silk, winding, "there is the capital in the north and Heluo in Nantong", which is the artery of military, commercial and cultural exchanges in ancient China.
According to historical records, from Tianjingguan, Zezhou County, Jincheng City, to Taihang Road between Changping Village, Qinyang, Henan Province in the south, the mountain road winds like a narrow intestine and passes like stars, and its geographical location is very important. Tianjingguan, in particular, is a world famous pass. The ancients said that "the shape wins the world, and the danger suppresses the Taihang."
? The pass in Taihang area includes many fortresses such as Yangchangban, PanStone Great Wall Scienc Spot Site, Wanzicheng, Ancient Great Wall, Meng Liang Village, Jiaozanying, Dakou, Xiaokou, Guanyeling, Banguling, Lanche Village and Tianjingguan. However, due to information conflict or unclear language, it is difficult to authenticate.
The star post is closely related to Tianjingguan, which is crucial to the survival of the ancient road. Hengwangguan, Xiaokouguan and Wanzicheng to the south of Xingyi Post are important passes under the jurisdiction of Tianjingguan. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were frequent wars and smoke, and it was a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties.
Hengwangguan and Xiaokouguan are located at the extreme end of Taihang Mountain, south of Tianjingguan Village12km, which are important passes on Kujin-Henan Road. Hengwangguan is also called Dakouguan.
? Since the establishment of Tianjingguan in the Western Han Dynasty, there have been many disputes, wars and hundreds of wars, which have left a rich cultural accumulation here.
According to the preliminary research of relevant experts, there have been more than 50 wars in history, and the convenient traffic conditions in Taihang Mountain have been directly or indirectly used to rewrite the historical process of mankind.
"Historical Records" contains: "In the forty-four years of (Qin) (the first 263 years), it was impossible to attack (North Korea) Nanyang Taihang Road in vain. In forty-five years (262 BC), the wild king of Korea was defeated. The wild king surrendered to Qin, and he went to the party to destroy it. " "Nanyang" and "Wild King" refer to the present Qinyang area, and "Taihang Road" is Taihang Mountain. That is to say, the Qin Dynasty cut off the Taihang Mountain in vain, cut off the connection between Shangdang County in South Korea and Guo Du (now Xinzheng, Henan Province), and made Shangdang County an "enclave" and had no choice but to surrender to Zhao. Therefore, Qin and Zhao fought for a long time, and the war broke out. After three years of strategic stalemate, the decisive factor for Qin to defeat Zhao was 260 BC (the third year of the Changping War). Zhao Xiang, king of Qin, led hundreds of thousands of young adults from Hanoi to the north via Taihang Road, through Wanzicheng and Tianjing, and went to Changping battlefield, which added a key chip to the final encirclement and suppression of Changping War. Taihang has always been a strategic transportation line from Qin to Changping battlefield.
Here, history abandoned Zhao and chose Qin to finally unify China. Taihang is one of the "geographical" factors that cannot be ignored.
Wanzicheng is a small stone bowl buckled on the gut board. It is a round city, with layers of bluestones, less than an acre, narrow land and looks like a rice bowl. The narrow intestine board passes through the city, showing the trend of "one person guards it, and ten thousand people can't force it". It has always been a battleground for military strategists and its strategic position is extremely important. Two stone tablets, engraved with "Capital of Peking University" and "Nantong Heluo" respectively, are embedded in the east and west gates of the city.
Out of the west gate of Wanzicheng, tens of meters to the south, on the dark stone wall, there are four big characters inscribed by Weng Shu Tong, the "Imperial Advisor of the Two Dynasties" in Qing Dynasty: Ancient Yangchangban. Rough rocks, with joyful warmth, give people a sense of awakening. They are submerged in weeds and thorns, and their handwriting is badly weathered, and they have been integrated with the surrounding rocks.
Not far from the north of Wanzi City, there are two famous post stations-Hengwan Gai and Xingyi Post Station (now called Dakou Village and Lanche Village respectively), which pass by in our rapid development. The situation of "cliffs, deep valleys and valleys, absolutely impassable" recorded in historical materials has completely disappeared. Time has passed, and the mark left by the ancient post station has disappeared.
All the way to the steep Taihang and into the upper level of the patio. Guard the Taihang Mountain Patio Pass at the top of the mountain, also known as Tianmen Pass, Taihang Pass, Chuxiong Pass, Pingyang Pass and Xiongding Pass. Wu Qi, a military strategist, said in the Warring States Policy that "Xia Jie's country is the shadow of Zuotianmen", which shows that it has become a fortress of Taihang Mountain since Xia Dynasty.
(3) Bletilla striata, or Mengmenji, is located in Nanguan Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Huixian County, Henan Province, connecting the Magdang Grand Canyon in lingchuan county, Shanxi Province, with a total distance of 100 kilometers. Taihang Bailong is the deepest canyon at the southern foot of Taihang Mountain, with a valley depth of more than a thousand meters and winding up along the river bed. You can cross the Yellow River in the south, attack Bian and Zheng, reach Heze and Daming in Shandong in the east, and look at Anyang and Handan in the north. It is a military pass that can be attacked and retreated.
According to the 1988 edition of Shanxi Highway Traffic History, in 550 BC, Qi attacked Jin. "The soldiers were divided into two roads, one was Taihang into Jin ... and the other was Mengmen into Jin." See also the entry "Bletilla striata" in Cihai: "Bletilla striata, Mengmen, the third bletilla striata in Taihang area, is in the west of Huixian County, Henan Province, and is the main traffic artery between northern Henan and southern Shanxi."
The comparison of the above two phases is enough to show that the two military forces that Qi Baishi attacked Jin came all the way. At the same time, it is enough to prove that Bai Shuo existed in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, with a history of 2550 years! It starts from Bailufeng, a thin-walled town in huixian city, Henan Province in the east, hence the name "Bailong", and radiates to Gaoping City and Lingchuan County in Jincheng City in the west, covering an area of 300 Xu Li. In the long history, Bletilla striata has always been the throat artery that runs through Shanxi, Henan and Jiangnan provinces.
Second, Songhan Ancient Road
Songhan ancient road has been one of the main roads between east and west since ancient times. Huai Nan Zi. On the Forest: "Qin blocked the Great Wall and Wei built it". Gaoyou's Note: "Wei moved the girder, heard about the border of Qin Wei, and knew that he wanted to come to the East, so he built a city to station troops." "Songsai" is not only the gateway of Guanzhong, but also the barrier of Central Plains. It has been a natural geographical fortress for military strategists since ancient times.
? The site of the Song-Han Ancient Road is located about 2000 meters southwest of Che Hao Village, Shixia Township, Shan County, Henan Province, 36 kilometers away from Sanmenxia City. It is the throat of the ancient Central Plains leading to Guanzhong, and the traffic artery from Luoyang in the east to Chang 'an in the west.
The Song-Han Ancient Road, located in Henan, China at the eastern end of the ancient Silk Road, is the floorboard of the ancient Luoyang-Tongguan road. Specifically, it refers to a section of Shihao Ancient Road about 800 meters east of Che Hao Village, Shixia Township, Shan County, Henan Province. The generalized Song-Han Ancient Road is a specific geographical and traffic name. It refers to a traffic artery between Xi (Chang 'an) and Luoyang from the pre-Qin period to the Republic of China, mainly in Sanmenxia today. It starts from Tongguan in the west, passes through Hanguguan in Qin Dynasty, passes through Shixiaguan in the east longitude of Shaanxi Province and Xin 'an County, and passes through Hanguguan to Luoyang, with a total length of about 400 miles.
? There are two main reasons why the Song-Han ancient road became a key fortress on the Silk Road: First, it was caused by geography and landforms. After leaving Longmen Gorge, the Yellow River flows from north to south, reaching today's Fengling Ferry, where it meets the Qinling Mountains in the south and is separated from Zhongtiao Mountain in the north, so it has to turn east here, and Tung Chung between the two mountains becomes a natural barrier to the north of this ancient road. To the south is Xiaoqinling Mountain, and from Huashan Mountain and Wuyashan Mountain to the east is the steep remnant of Qinling Mountain, which is insurmountable. The third and fourth terraces between rivers and mountains are the Loess Plateau at an altitude of 500-700 meters. Years of rain erosion have formed steep gullies. Only the first terrace on the south bank of the Yellow River is a natural traffic channel with gentle and narrow terrain. The second is human factors. The west end of the Song-Han Ancient Road is Guanzhong Plain, the east end is Heluo Plain, and the north is Jinnan Plain. This area, the core of the origin of Chinese civilization, was the political, cultural and economic center of China for at least 4,000 years from the middle Neolithic culture to the Song Dynasty. Therefore, the ancient Song-Han Road is bound to become the only place and road for all communication and circulation between Henan and Qin Jin, or between Chang 'an and Luoyang. Especially under the "two-capital system" implemented in the Han and Tang Dynasties two weeks ago, the Song-Han Ancient Road became a veritable Gyeonggi Avenue.