First, China's social security system was gradually established, which went through five periods:

Although it has a source relationship with the social security practice in history, it has no direct inheritance relationship with the social security system in old China. The practice of social security system in the past 5 years can be divided into the following five periods:

1. The period of establishment (1949-1956).

In this period, the China People's Political Consultative Conference adopted in September 1949 was the most basic legal basis, and the Labor Insurance Ordinance promulgated by the State Council in 1951 was an important symbol. In addition, the preferential pension system established before, the disaster relief, public medical care policy and the retirement and resignation system of state organs were implemented later. By 1956, the state was initially established as the main body of responsibility. This system has played an important role in healing the wounds of war, consolidating the new regime and stabilizing social order.

2. adjustment period (1957-1968).

In this period, in order to adapt to the development of the new situation, the central government decided to adjust and improve the social security system. For this reason, the State Council has successively promulgated the Interim Provisions on the Retirement of Workers and Employees and the Interim Provisions on Streamlining the Resettlement Measures for Employees. The Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Labor and the Ministry of Internal Affairs have also issued relevant decisions to adjust the system of free medical care, labor insurance medical care, rural five-guarantee and preferential treatment for military families. Its effect is that the retirement system tends to be normalized and the coverage of social insurance is expanded. However, due to the increasingly "Left" political trend and economic twists and turns at that time, the task of adjusting social security has not been completed.

3. Frustration period (1969-1977).

the "cultural revolution" caused a great setback to the social security in new China. Beginning with the abolition of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in charge of disaster relief and social welfare at the end of 1968, the Opinions on the Reform of Several Systems in the Financial Work of State-owned Enterprises issued by the Ministry of Finance in 1969 even caused the labor insurance to lose its overall function and become a security system for enterprises or units. As the overall management department of enterprise employees' labor insurance, the trade union organization has also stopped its activities, the direct consequence of which is that enterprises run social and social security as a unit, and finally China's social security system has become a mutually divided plate structure, that is, the national security system, the enterprise security system and the rural collective security system are three closed and disjointed plates.

4. Repair period (1978-199).

The convening of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has created good political and social conditions for reversing the chaotic state in the field of social security. In 1978, the Fifth National People's Congress decided to re-establish the Ministry of Civil Affairs, ending the situation that there was no competent department for social relief, social welfare, special care and resettlement. The State Council has successively promulgated the Interim Measures for Resettlement of Old, Weak, Sick and Disabled Cadres, the Interim Measures for Retirement and Resignation of Workers, the Interim Provisions for Retirement and Rest of Military Cadres, the Regulations on Resettlement of Retired Conscripts, the Regulations on Pension for Soldiers and other laws and regulations, and the relevant departments have also formulated the Articles of Association of Rural Cooperative Medical Care (Trial Draft). During the same period, pilot reforms of unemployment insurance for employees of state-owned enterprises, endowment insurance for employees of collective enterprises and disaster relief insurance were also started in some areas. However, as far as the social security system is concerned, the work done in this period is mainly to solve the problems left over from history and restore the normal retirement system, which is to salvage some consequences caused by setbacks.

5. period of innovation and development (since 199s).

with the deepening of economic reform, the establishment of a socialist market economic system has been determined as the goal of China's economic reform, thus fundamentally touching the traditional social security system with a plate structure. For example, the implementation of the rural contract responsibility system means that the rural collective security system has lost its realistic foundation, and the diversification of economic subjects and the marketization of labor brought about by the urban economic reform have determined that only by making major changes to the social security system can this cause, which is related to the vital interests of hundreds of millions of people, achieve real development.

therefore, after a period of exploration, China's social security system entered an innovative period of reform and development in the 199s. Since 199, the National People's Congress has strengthened the legislative work related to social security, and successively passed the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons, the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests, the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, the Labor Law, and the Law on Donation for Public Welfare. In the State Council, after the decision on the reform of the old-age insurance system for enterprise employees was issued in 1991, not only the unemployment insurance regulations, the rural five-guarantee household support regulations, the urban minimum living security regulations and other laws and regulations were formulated, but also the laid-off workers' basic living security system and the policies for deepening the reform of the old-age insurance, medical insurance and urban housing welfare system were formulated and implemented, and a large-scale "Seventh Five-Year Plan" for poverty alleviation was formulated and implemented, thus China's social security system embarked on the road of reform and innovation.

2. Although the construction and development process of the social security system in New China is very tortuous, the practice in the past 5 years has eloquently proved that it has played an irreplaceable and indelible role in the stable development of China's economy and society.

1. The social security system has effectively maintained the stability of the country.

In the 5 years since the founding of New China, there has been no social unrest caused by disasters and poverty. This is indeed a miracle in China, which has a vast territory, a large population, frequent disasters and backward development. In this miracle, in addition to the safeguard function of the socialist system itself, social security systems such as labor insurance, social relief, social welfare, preferential treatment and pension, and public medical care, which have been established one after another since the early 195s, have also saved hundreds of millions of people from the survival crisis in the face of various disasters and poverty. This is an important prerequisite and foundation for the stable development of society.

2. The social security system has effectively promoted the development and progress of our society.

① the poverty-stricken population has been greatly reduced. The government relieves the immediate survival crisis of the urban and rural poor through regular disaster relief measures, and also helps the poor get rid of poverty through the implementation of large-scale poverty alleviation projects. Most urban and rural households have entered the stage of well-off life.

② the quality of the population has been greatly improved. Through the traditional free medical care, rural cooperative medical care system and the medical social insurance system being established at present, the state has effectively guaranteed the health of hundreds of millions of people, not only washed away the shame of "the sick man of East Asia", but also the life expectancy per capita is approaching the level of developed countries. With the implementation of compulsory education, the illiteracy rate of the national population has dropped from more than 9% before the founding of the People's Republic of China to less than 1% now, and the proportion of the population with higher education has been expanding day by day.

③ People's quality of life has been greatly improved. For example, the old people can enjoy their old age in peace, medical insurance relieves the sick from heavy economic burden, unemployment insurance supports the unemployed workers to find jobs again, rehabilitation helps the disabled to integrate into the mainstream society, etc., and people are relieved of many worries, and the improvement of security and confidence promotes the improvement of their quality of life.

(4) The new social security system has effectively maintained and lubricated the operation of the market economy and has become an important driving force for China's social development and progress.