From 20 17 to1-May, the income and expenditure of China's employee pension insurance fund increased year-on-year, with a current balance of 226.4 billion yuan and a cumulative balance of 1 trillion yuan. In 20 15 years, except for overseas, the balance of pension funds in most parts of the country remained above 10 billion yuan, while the balance of pension funds in some areas such as Chongqing was less than 500 million yuan, and there was a gap between income and expenditure in some areas. The contradiction of unbalanced regional distribution of endowment insurance funds in China is also increasingly apparent, with obvious regional differences.
The regional distribution of endowment insurance funds in China is uneven.
China's regional economic development is extremely unbalanced. The economic development level of the eastern region and coastal cities is relatively high, while the economic development of the central and western regions and remote areas is relatively backward. The difference in economic development leads to the extremely unbalanced regional distribution of China's endowment insurance funds (see table 1).
From the perspective of per capita pension fund income, Shanghai, Tianjin and Beijing have the highest per capita pension income in China, which are RMB, RMB and RMB respectively, while Jiangsu and Zhejiang are RMB and RMB respectively. Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Yunnan and other regions have the lowest income, and there is a big gap with Shanghai and Tianjin.
From the perspective of per capita pension fund expenditure, Shanghai, Beijing, Tianjin and other places have the highest per capita pension fund expenditure, namely RMB, RMB and RMB respectively; Anhui, Hebei, Guizhou and other regions are relatively low, and there is a big gap with Shanghai, Beijing and other regions.
Judging from the income and expenditure gap of per capita pension funds, the income and expenditure gap of per capita pension funds in various places (except Tianjin) is relatively large. The gap between the income and expenditure of the per capita pension funds in Beijing and Shanghai is as high as RMB and RMB respectively, while that in Zhejiang, Guangzhou and Hainan is about 1 10,000 yuan. In most areas, the income and expenditure gap of per capita pension funds is around 600 yuan.
With the continuous improvement of the level of economic development and the improvement of medical technical conditions, the average life expectancy of China's population is gradually extended, and with the influence of factors such as the continuous decline of China's birth rate, the burden of old-age insurance in China is increasing day by day. 20 10 the data of the sixth national census show that the average life expectancy in economically developed areas is relatively high, with the average life expectancy in Shanghai and Beijing reaching over 80 years, and that in Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Guangdong reaching over 76 years. These areas are facing a heavy burden of providing for the aged. The average life expectancy in economically underdeveloped areas is small, but it is also close to 70 years old, and it is also facing the problem of increasing the burden of old-age care brought about by aging. The average life expectancy of Qinghai, Yunnan and Tibet is lower than 70 years, but they also face the dilemma of increasing the risk of old-age security.
In 20 15, the sum balance of endowment insurance funds in Shanghai, Zhejiang, Chongqing and other places is small, and the fund balance accounts for less than 5% of the fund income, so there is a big risk of income and expenditure gap, and the Shanghai endowment insurance fund has already had a income and expenditure gap. The balance of the endowment insurance fund in the central and western regions is relatively small, especially in the old industrial base areas such as Northeast China, where there are fewer payers and more retirees, and the burden of providing for the aged is heavy, so the current income of the endowment fund cannot meet the expenditure.
How to solve the regional imbalance problem of providing for the aged?
The regional imbalance of endowment insurance fund not only causes social injustice, but also makes the allocation of endowment insurance fund resources unreasonable. In order to maintain the healthy and sustainable development of the endowment insurance fund, it is suggested to take the following measures to solve the imbalance of regional development of the endowment insurance fund and promote the rational allocation of resources.
The first is to establish a multi-level old-age security system. Relying on the opportunity of the reform of the old-age security system in government agencies and institutions in China, we should accelerate the development and popularization of the occupational annuity system and strengthen the role of the second pillar in the old-age security system, making it an important supplement to the first pillar social old-age security system. As soon as possible, we will promote and expand the pilot of individual commercial deferred tax pension insurance system, speed up the introduction of tax deferred preferential policies, vigorously promote the rapid development of individual commercial pension insurance, and strengthen the third pillar role of the old-age security system.
The second is to improve the overall level of pension funds and narrow regional differences. In view of the situation that the balance of endowment insurance funds in some areas is small and the expenditure pressure is high, it is necessary to improve the overall level of endowment insurance funds, adjust the surplus and deficiency of funds in a wider scope, and solve the problem of unbalanced endowment burden in different areas. All localities should also improve the management of pension funds, allocate the expenditure of pension insurance funds in different years, and prevent the risk that pensions will not be paid.
The third is to speed up the marketization of investment management of pension funds. On the basis of controlling the risk bottom line, entrust a professional investment team to manage the endowment insurance fund, improve the investment income of the endowment insurance fund and expand the scale of the endowment insurance fund.
The fourth is to expand the investment channels of pension funds and broaden the scope of investment. Strengthen the reform of pension fund investment policy, encourage pension funds to participate in infrastructure construction, public service projects, strategic emerging industries, modern manufacturing, cultural and entertainment tourism industries, service industries and other fields, and improve the investment income of pension funds. (Zhongxin Jingwei APP)
Expert Profile Guo Jinlong, Assistant Director of Institute of Finance of China Academy of Social Sciences, Director of Insurance Research Office, Researcher, Professor of Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, and Executive Director of insurance institute of china.