20 12 On June 8-7, the SCO will hold the Beijing Summit. Looking back on the stormy course of 1 1, the SCO has developed from the initial "Shanghai five" meeting mechanism into a new regional international organization with important influence, bringing tangible benefits to the countries and people in the region and creating a new model of regional cooperation and state-to-international relations. The new security concept, new cooperation concept, new development concept and new civilization concept established by the SCO with the "Shanghai spirit" as the core conform to the trend of peace and development, and also bring exuberant vitality and strong attraction to the organization itself.
An important force on the international stage.
Covering three-fifths of Eurasia and inhabited by a quarter of the world's population, the unique geopolitical advantages and economic strategic position determine the uniqueness and importance of the SCO.
"Since its establishment, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has devoted itself to peace, advocated cooperation, promoted development, pursued openness, actively devoted itself to establishing a just, fair and reasonable new international political and economic order, and built a brand-new platform for promoting regional cooperation and expanding international multilateral diplomacy." Cheng Guoping, Vice Foreign Minister, wrote in Qiushi magazine about the development of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in 10.
Since its establishment in 200 1, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has become an important force to promote peace, construction and development in the region and even in the world from the meeting mechanism of "Shanghai Five" aimed at strengthening trust and disarmament negotiations in border areas, and its development achievements have attracted worldwide attention:
-the SCO has established a multi-field and multi-level cooperation mechanism, and established and launched two permanent institutions, the secretariat and the regional anti-terrorism agency; Establish a meeting mechanism for heads of state and government (prime ministers), foreign ministers' councils, national coordinators' councils and leaders of various departments. Cooperation covers security, economy, culture, education, science and technology, emergency disaster relief and agriculture.
-The Shanghai Cooperation Organization has effectively promoted political mutual trust and good-neighborliness among member States. Member States have cooperated closely in international affairs, supported each other on major core issues involving each other's sovereignty, territory and security, and effectively safeguarded common interests.
-The international influence and status of the SCO are increasing. Since the launch of the observer mechanism in 2004, Mongolia, Pakistan, Iran and India have successively become SCO observers, and Sri Lanka and Belarus have become SCO dialogue partners. As an observer in the United Nations General Assembly, the SCO has established cooperative relations with the ASEAN Secretariat, the Executive Committee of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Community, the Collective Security Treaty Organization, the Central Asia and West Asia Economic Cooperation Organization, the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific and the United Nations Secretariat, and established a contact group with Afghanistan. Afghanistan and Turkey have also applied to become SCO observers and dialogue partners respectively, and their applications will be reviewed at the upcoming Beijing Summit and a decision will be made on the basis of consensus.
-The Shanghai Cooperation Organization actively carries out international cooperation and pays attention to and participates in major international and regional hotspot issues. According to Vice Minister Cheng Guoping, the SCO has successively expressed its principled stand on a series of major issues such as the terrorist attacks in the region and the Japanese nuclear leak, and initiated the convening of an international conference on Afghanistan, which shows that the SCO has become a constructive force in international and regional affairs.
Cheng Guoping said that in the past 1 1 year, the SCO followed the development trend of the times, proceeded from the common interests of the people in the region, and adhered to the "Shanghai spirit" of "mutual trust, mutual benefit, equality, cooperation, respect for diverse civilizations and seeking common development", and expanded cooperation in various fields to an unprecedented breadth and depth.
Driving forces of regional development
Russian Ambassador to China razov believes that the SCO has become an important platform for maintaining peace, security and stability in Central Asia, coping with new crises and challenges, and developing economic, cultural and cultural cooperation among member States since its establishment 1 1.
In terms of security cooperation, 200 1 At the beginning of the establishment of the SCO, the six heads of state signed the Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism, which laid a legal foundation for jointly cracking down on the "three forces". In 2009, the Anti-Terrorism Convention of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization signed by the six heads of state further strengthened the legal basis and capacity of anti-terrorism cooperation within the framework of the organization, marking a new step in cooperation in this field.
Since 2006, the law enforcement and security departments of SCO member States have held joint anti-terrorism exercises every year. The joint anti-terrorism exercises of Issyk-Kul 2007, Volgograd 2008, Norak 2009 and saratov 20 10 have effectively shocked the "three forces" in the region.
The SCO has also creatively carried out joint security cooperation in large-scale international conferences and events, and successively established security cooperation mechanisms for large-scale events such as the Beijing Olympic Games, the Shanghai World Expo, the celebration of the 65th anniversary of the victory of the Russian anti-fascist war, and the Almaty Asian Winter Games.
"Since the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the most outstanding achievement has been in the field of security," said Ji, vice president of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations. "It is a new way, a new way of thinking and a very creative idea for all member States to achieve military security through cooperation rather than strengthening their respective military strength."
In terms of economic cooperation, the SCO has not only promoted the economic and trade relations between China and its member countries, but also brought tangible benefits to other countries and people in the region.
According to reports, the global share of the total foreign trade of SCO member States has increased from 8% of 200 1 to 200 1 1/3%; The GDP of each member country increased from 4.8% to 13%. ...
In 2009, China became the largest trading partner of Central Asian countries. The trade volume between China and SCO member states increased from 12 1 billion dollars in 2006 to113.4 billion dollars in 2006. China became Kazakhstan's largest trading partner; The trade volume between China and Kyrgyzstan has increased by more than 100 times compared with the early days of the establishment of diplomatic relations, and the trade volume between China and Ukraine has increased by more than 40 times.
Starting with the signing of the Outline of Multilateral Economic and Trade Cooperation by member countries in 2003, a number of large-scale economic cooperation projects related to the national economy and people's livelihood in the fields of transportation, energy and communication have been launched one after another. Cooperation in investment, agriculture and science and technology has been steadily advanced. The multilateral customs mutual assistance agreement has been successfully signed, the negotiation of international road transport facilitation agreement has made great progress, e-commerce is being prepared for implementation, and regional economic cooperation is facing more favorable conditions. A number of cooperative projects, such as the Sino-Russian crude oil pipeline project, the Sino-Kazakhstan natural gas pipeline project, the Zhongta power transmission and transformation project and the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan highway project, are being implemented.
In addition, the SCO's humanities cooperation has gradually deepened, which has injected a strong impetus into strengthening friendship and good-neighborliness among the people of member States.
In 2008, the SCO proposed the idea of establishing an SCO university. The online university of the SCO was launched on 20 10, and top universities from more than 60 member countries joined it.
The member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization have also successfully held a variety of cultural exchange activities, such as art festivals, music festivals, youth festivals, education weeks, exhibitions and forums, which have been widely welcomed by people all over the world.
"For China, the SCO has not only promoted political relations and economic and trade cooperation between China and Central Asian countries, but also played an important and positive role in stabilizing the situation in China's border areas and promoting the development of China's multilateral diplomacy." Ding Xiaoxing, deputy director of the Russian Institute of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, said.
The innovative power of international relations
"Compared with other international organizations, the SCO, as a new paradigm of international organizations, is new in at least two aspects: one is to respect diverse civilizations, and the other is to advocate consensus." Qu Xing, director of China Institute of International Studies, said.
Qu Xing said that in terms of diverse civilizations, many regional international organizations in the world regard the so-called "unity of values" as the premise of joining the organization, and put forward various requirements for the political system and values of the candidate countries that request to join. The Shanghai Cooperation Organization is the only international organization that advocates "respect for diverse civilizations", earnestly respects the internal affairs of member States, and never defines personal relations by ideology when dealing with member States' relations.
At the same time, the decision-making mechanism of the SCO is not based on votes like the United Nations; It is not based on population like the EU; Nor is it based on the amount of capital contribution like the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund; It is based on complete unanimity-all Member States are completely equal in status and will, and will never bully the small with the big, bully the weak with the strong and bully the small with the many. This mechanism of equal consultation may affect the efficiency of the SCO to a certain extent, but it maintains the unity and cooperation of the organization to the maximum extent.
"These two practices make the Shanghai Cooperation Organization unique among many international organizations," Qu Xing said.
In the face of the Cold War mentality that hegemonism and power politics still occur from time to time and have not completely disappeared, analysts believe that the concept upheld by the SCO has absorbed the historical lessons of international relations and made important enlightenment contributions to the world today.
"Today's world ideology and one-sided values often become the basis for interfering in other countries' internal affairs or even waging wars, and become one of the important reasons for the instability of the international community. Respecting diverse civilizations provides an important theoretical basis for developing countries to explore and test their own development paths, and is one of the sources of diversity and speculative motivation of human society. " Qu Xing said.
Zhang Deguang, chairman of the China Foundation for International Studies, believes that the way for the SCO to seek security is not to establish a military alliance, but to seek cooperation through security. Facing the reality that some countries in the world still seek security by strengthening military alliances, the new security concept of the SCO, which is out of the cold war mentality, provides reference for the world today.
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