National Natural Science Foundation National Natural Science Foundation is one of the main channels to support basic research in China, aiming at promoting basic research and applied basic research in various fields of natural science. The Fund has established a number of project categories, including general projects, key projects and major projects, covering many disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry, life sciences and earth sciences.

National major scientific and technological projects National major scientific and technological projects are major strategic products, key technologies and major projects completed within a certain period of time through core technological breakthroughs and resource integration in order to achieve national goals. Major projects identified in the National Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development Plan (2006-2020) include large aircraft, broadband mobile communication, CNC machine tools, and basic manufacturing technologies, which are of great significance to enhancing China's independent innovation capability and industrial competitiveness.

National Key R&D Plan The national key R&D plan focuses on major social welfare research related to the national economy and people's livelihood, as well as strategic, basic and forward-looking major scientific issues and major key technologies and products related to the core competitiveness of industries, overall independent innovation capability and national security, providing continuous support and guidance for major areas of national economic and social development. The plan involves many fields, including agricultural science and technology, social development, basic frontier, energy, transportation and so on.

2. Major local scientific research projects

Major local scientific research projects are usually set up by local governments or relevant departments to promote local economic and social development and scientific and technological innovation. These projects are usually closely combined with local industrial characteristics and development needs, and have strong pertinence and practicality.

Provincial science and technology planning projects The science and technology departments of provinces (cities, autonomous regions) usually set up provincial science and technology planning projects to support scientific research institutions and enterprises in this province (cities, districts) to carry out scientific and technological innovation and R&D activities. These projects involve new energy, new materials, biomedicine, energy conservation and environmental protection.

Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project Industry-University-Research Cooperation Project is one of the important ways for local governments to promote the integration of Industry-University-Research. Such projects are usually jointly declared by enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions, and jointly carry out R&D activities to promote the transformation and application of scientific and technological achievements.

Technological innovation projects of characteristic industries According to the development needs of local characteristic industries, local governments will set up technological innovation projects of characteristic industries, support relevant enterprises and scientific research institutions to carry out research and development and innovation of key technologies, and enhance the core competitiveness of characteristic industries.

The purpose of establishing major national scientific research projects

1, to achieve national goals and strategic needs

National major scientific research projects are usually set up to meet the strategic objectives in the national medium-and long-term scientific and technological development plan.

2. Promote scientific and technological innovation and breakthrough.

Through major national scientific research projects, we will concentrate on tackling key scientific and technological problems and strive to make breakthroughs in key areas and core technologies.

3. Cultivate high-level scientific research talents.

Major national scientific research projects often attract a large number of scientific research talents to participate. Through the implementation of the project, we can cultivate and train a high-level scientific research team and provide a steady stream of talent support for the country's scientific and technological development.

4. Promote social and economic development.

The transformation and application of scientific research results can directly promote the development of social economy. Major national scientific research projects are often closely related to industrial upgrading and economic development, and the application of their achievements can promote the development of related industries and create more economic and social benefits.

5. Enhance international status and influence.

Through the implementation of major national scientific research projects, internationally influential scientific research achievements can enhance the status and influence of the country in the international scientific and technological field and win more respect and voice for the country.