Question 2: Market system in circulation field. Commodity circulation market system refers to the market system that restricts and affects commodity circulation activities and their scope of action. Circulation industry, as its name implies, is an industry engaged in the flow and transaction of goods or services. In other words, the whole process of goods or services from enterprises to consumers is circulation. The former is production, the latter is consumption, and the middle is circulation. In China, the circulation industry is divided into three categories: broad sense, broad sense and narrow sense, which are selected according to needs. In a narrow sense, the circulation industry only includes retail, wholesale and logistics. The circulation industry in a broad sense includes retail, wholesale, logistics, catering and tourism. In addition to the above five sub-sectors, the general circulation industry also includes hotel, leisure and entertainment, auction, pawn, second-hand goods and monopoly industries. According to the official statistics of China, the circulation industry currently only includes retail, wholesale and catering. The logistics industry, which everyone is concerned about, has a big problem in statistics at present, because the division of labor between transportation and logistics is really difficult to define. In the traditional statistical system, due to "emphasizing production over circulation", the understanding and statistics of circulation are quite incomplete, so it is almost impossible to get accurate data of circulation industry at present. At the same time, because the circulation industry reflects the economic quality and level, the contribution of a city or region to GDP is not obvious, so at present, the understanding of its importance is not sufficient.
Question 3: What are the difficulties in establishing a standardized circulation system? What is the core problem of the transformation of farmers' market? To answer these questions, further research and analysis are needed. Different from traditional agricultural society, modern industrial society has three characteristics, namely, scale, standardization and synchronization. The large-scale farmer's market that appeared in China after the 1980s has adapted to the large-scale demand of modern industrial society, but at the same time it has also brought the problem of information asymmetry: the things sold by business households are not necessarily produced by themselves, even if they are produced by themselves, consumers do not know what is added in the production process. Later, more and more enterprises intervened in the management of farmers' markets. Under this trend, it is more important to strengthen social control such as food and drug safety and hygiene. But why have control measures failed frequently over the years? Because supervision is external, there is always information asymmetry between producers and consumers. With the acceleration of urbanization and the intensification of food safety problems, market managers and consumers hope to break the information asymmetry. In this context, supermarkets came into being. Supermarket conducts self-discipline by establishing its own reputation model. Of course, supermarkets are suitable for high-end and big cities. Going to the supermarket to buy things after work and going home after shopping are the third characteristics of industrial society, which is synchronization. But in small and medium-sized cities, especially in the urban-rural fringe, it may not be suitable. Even in big cities, it is suitable for middle and high income people, not necessarily for low and middle income people. At present, China is transforming from a farmer-led society to a citizen-led society. It is necessary to speed up the establishment of a standardized circulation system suitable for industrialization, urbanization and scale, including solving the problem of re-innovation in the modern market, which is conducive to solving the problems of convenient circulation, logistics cost and supervision. China Merchants Group's exploration of farmers' supermarkets, on the one hand, is a step forward on the basis of traditional farmers' markets, on the other hand, it is a step backward on the basis of modern supermarkets, which just meets the needs of rural to urban transition. This positioning just combines the scale and standardization of modern industrial society with the flexibility and convenience of traditional market, and the cost is relatively low. The provider of the market has changed from the original developer to the operator. From the market itself, in addition to the original real estate, commercial outdoor, but also to undertake the work of the original market management Committee. In addition, price constraints have been strengthened. In this sense, the exploration of Chinese businessmen is worthy of recognition. However, there are still some problems to be solved when moving in this direction. First, to what extent should standardization be standardized? Second, how to effectively balance the original convenience and flexibility while maintaining the advantages of scale and standardization? Third, enterprises run their own farmers' supermarkets and take the initiative to assume social responsibilities. Where is your profit and loss combined, and what is the resulting income pattern? * * * More policy and financial support should be given to ensure that enterprises can achieve win-win economic and social benefits.
Question 4: What is a circulating landlord?
Although I often enter the business network! However, up to now, my concept of the circulation industry is still very vague! There are too many explanations in the circulation industry! It is said to include retail, wholesale and so on. However, I really don't know what it is!
Reading will have this feeling! If you study marketing, you can say that marketing includes everything such as logistics and finance. Then when I was studying logistics, I said that logistics is not what we understand in a narrow sense, but what else is included! ! ! In short, I didn't learn a subject, and I feel that researchers are constantly expanding the scope of this subject! Constantly exaggerating the importance of your topic! It really blurs me!
In fact, the classification of these disciplines should be based on their different perspectives on observing things! Then they all observed the same thing!
First of all, about the division and definition of disciplines.
Any discipline has a clear orientation, division of labor and functions, rather than wearing hats endlessly. So you said that "marketing includes everything such as logistics and finance", which is absolutely untrue. Marketing is marketing, and logistics is logistics, which is absolutely irrelevant.
But there is a certain attribution between different disciplines. For example, both marketing and logistics can be classified as management disciplines. At the same time, there are links between disciplines. For example, the establishment of marketing channels should consider the characteristics of logistics. However, this is only a link, and it cannot be said that marketing includes logistics. They are two completely different things.
Simply put, marketing is how to find ways to impress buyers, sell products or services, and achieve commercial purposes. Camp is to find a way to sell, that is, sell. The key is "selling".
Logistics is mainly the flow of physical objects, including commodities. It emphasizes "flow", that is, the physical transfer of objects. Think about it, how many physical objects flow around the country or the world every day. This is an interesting and huge project. For example, when the United States attacked Iraq, it had to transport so many weapons, daily necessities and other medical supplies from all over the world in a limited time. This is logistics.
Wal-Mart wants to distribute goods purchased from South China to shopping malls around the world. How to be fast, low-cost and accurate is logistics. Coca-Cola should deliver the drinks produced in Guangzhou to all parts of South China in time and without error. This is logistics.
Obviously, logistics is not marketing. The process that enterprises find buyers through marketing and deliver products to buyers is logistics. And marketing is more about "selling things".
Second, the discipline level.
Different disciplines have different levels, namely high level and low level. So is the concept, and so is the industry.
Circulation industry is a big industrial sector, which corresponds to manufacturing and other big industrial sectors.
All industries can be divided into three major industries, namely, primary, secondary and tertiary industries. The tertiary industry is also called service industry. Service industry can be classified from different angles, such as producer service, life service and public service. At the same time, it can be classified according to service products, such as intermediary services and educational services. Circulation industry is classified according to service function, and it is the secondary classification of tertiary industry or service industry.
Of course, the formulation of circulation industry is different from that of foreign countries, which is related to the four links of production, circulation, distribution and consumption in China's economic system. In the western economic system, it is generally not so divided.
Third, the fuzziness of the circulation industry
Circulation industry, as its name implies, is an industry engaged in the flow and transaction of goods or services. In other words, the whole process of goods or services from enterprises to consumers is circulation. The former is production, the latter is consumption, and the middle is circulation.
In China, the circulation industry is divided into three categories: broad sense, broad sense and narrow sense, which are selected according to needs.
In a narrow sense, the circulation industry only includes retail, wholesale and logistics.
The circulation industry in a broad sense includes retail, wholesale, logistics, catering and tourism.
In addition to the above five sub-sectors, the general circulation industry also includes hotel, leisure and entertainment, auction, pawn, second-hand goods and monopoly industries.
According to the official statistics of China, the circulation industry currently only includes retail, wholesale and catering.
The logistics industry, which everyone is concerned about, has a big problem in statistics at present, because the division of labor between transportation and logistics is really difficult to define.
In the traditional statistical system, due to "emphasizing production over circulation", the understanding and statistics of circulation are quite incomplete, so it is almost impossible to get accurate data of circulation industry at present.
At the same time, due to the reflection of the circulation industry ...
Question 5: Why is Japan's commodity circulation system the most complicated? The population base of treating diseases with traditional Chinese medicine in China is large, and the quality of traditional Chinese medicine directly affects people's health. At present, the quality management system of traditional Chinese medicine is not satisfactory and needs to be solved with great efforts. The establishment of a traceability system for the circulation of Chinese herbal medicines is conducive to investigating the responsibility of bad medicinal materials and preventing illegal drug dealers from selling drugs illegally.
Question 6: The construction of agricultural products circulation system is standardized, and a sound market system is the carrier of modern circulation. A mature and developed market economy is based on a standardized and sound market system. It is necessary to establish a crisscross agricultural product market network: commodity distribution should be carried out in an orderly manner according to the production and marketing process and distribution order. In terms of goods collection, there are primary market, central market and terminal market; In terms of bulk cargo, there are wholesale markets and retail markets. According to the transaction mode, there are spot market and futures market. According to economic components, there are state-owned shopping malls, cooperative shopping malls, joint-stock shopping malls and private shopping malls. Various forms of market circulation subjects are the basis of modern circulation. Individuals and organizations involved in the circulation of agricultural products market are the main body of the market, and their strength and development level are the key to the overall function of agricultural products market. The main body of circulation market includes agricultural products circulation market and intermediary service organizations. They are the necessary support and guarantee system for the smooth operation of agricultural products market and the operation of market mechanism. Agricultural product information circulation system and regulations are important platforms and guarantees for modern circulation. In the era of information network market economy, information plays a vital role in enterprises. Establishing a good agricultural product information circulation system can better reconcile or solve the contradiction between people's diversified and extensive needs and backward trading methods. To extend the market to every family, every consumer's side and desk, today, when commodity trading has adopted information network means, it must be supported by a constantly developing agricultural product information network platform.
Question 7: What is the key to the construction of modern circulation system of agricultural products? At present, the key to the circulation of agricultural products lies in the infrastructure construction of logistics.
Question 8: What is the circulation industry? Landlord:
Although I often enter the business network! However, up to now, my concept of the circulation industry is still very vague! There are too many explanations in the circulation industry! It is said to include retail, wholesale and so on. However, I really don't know what it is!
Reading will have this feeling! If you study marketing, you can say that marketing includes everything such as logistics and finance. Then when I was studying logistics, I said that logistics is not what we understand in a narrow sense, but what else is included! ! ! In short, I didn't learn a subject, and I feel that researchers are constantly expanding the scope of this subject! Constantly exaggerating the importance of your topic! It really blurs me!
In fact, the classification of these disciplines should be based on their different perspectives on observing things! Then they all observed the same thing!
First of all, about the division and definition of disciplines.
Any discipline has a clear orientation, division of labor and functions, rather than wearing hats endlessly. So you said that "marketing includes everything such as logistics and finance", which is absolutely untrue. Marketing is marketing, and logistics is logistics, which is absolutely irrelevant.
But there is a certain attribution between different disciplines. For example, both marketing and logistics can be classified as management disciplines. At the same time, there are links between disciplines. For example, the establishment of marketing channels should consider the characteristics of logistics. However, this is only a link, and it cannot be said that marketing includes logistics. They are two completely different things.
Simply put, marketing is how to find ways to impress buyers, sell products or services, and achieve commercial purposes. Camp is to find a way to sell, that is, sell. The key is "selling".
Logistics is mainly the flow of physical objects, including commodities. It emphasizes "flow", that is, the physical transfer of objects. Think about it, how many physical objects flow around the country or the world every day. This is an interesting and huge project. For example, when the United States attacked Iraq, it had to transport so many weapons, daily necessities and other medical supplies from all over the world in a limited time. This is logistics.
Wal-Mart wants to distribute goods purchased from South China to shopping malls around the world. How to be fast, low-cost and accurate is logistics. Coca-Cola should deliver the drinks produced in Guangzhou to all parts of South China in time and without error. This is logistics.
Obviously, logistics is not marketing. The process that enterprises find buyers through marketing and deliver products to buyers is logistics. And marketing is more about "selling things".
Second, the level of discipline.
Different disciplines have different levels, namely high level and low level. So is the concept, and so is the industry.
Circulation industry is a big industrial sector, which corresponds to manufacturing and other big industrial sectors.
All industries can be divided into three major industries, namely, primary, secondary and tertiary industries. The tertiary industry is also called service industry. Service industry can be classified from different angles, such as producer service, life service and public service. At the same time, it can be classified according to service products, such as intermediary services and educational services. Circulation industry is classified according to service function, and it is the secondary classification of tertiary industry or service industry.
Of course, the formulation of circulation industry is different from that of foreign countries, which is related to the four links of production, circulation, distribution and consumption in China's economic system. In the western economic system, it is generally not so divided.
Third, the fuzziness of the circulation industry
Circulation industry, as its name implies, is an industry engaged in the flow and transaction of goods or services. In other words, the whole process of goods or services from enterprises to consumers is circulation. The former is production, the latter is consumption, and the middle is circulation.
In China, the circulation industry is divided into three categories: broad sense, broad sense and narrow sense, which are selected according to needs.
In a narrow sense, the circulation industry only includes retail, wholesale and logistics.
The circulation industry in a broad sense includes retail, wholesale, logistics, catering and tourism.
In addition to the above five sub-sectors, the general circulation industry also includes hotel, leisure and entertainment, auction, pawn, second-hand goods and monopoly industries.
According to the official statistics of China, the circulation industry currently only includes retail, wholesale and catering.
The logistics industry, which everyone is concerned about, has a big problem in statistics at present, because the division of labor between transportation and logistics is really difficult to define.
In the traditional statistical system, because of "emphasizing production but neglecting circulation" and ... >; & gt
Question 9: Problems in the circulation system of agricultural products The main problems in the circulation of agricultural products are the contradiction between small production and large market, as well as the high circulation cost of agricultural products, poor information and poor connection between production and marketing. In view of these problems, in order to invigorate circulation, reduce costs and strengthen the degree of organization, we mainly start with cold chain construction, processing and distribution, production and marketing docking, information guidance and so on. First, strengthen the construction of cold chain system. The Ministry of Commerce has taken the cold chain system as the focus of the construction of agricultural product circulation system this year. Let me introduce you to a set of data. The refrigerated transportation rate of food and fresh agricultural products in developed countries reaches 80%-90%, while that in China is only about 10%, which is a big gap. The loss rate of fresh agricultural products in China is about 25%, only 2% to 3% in the United States and only about 5% in developed countries. Our annual loss of agricultural products is at least 70 billion, and some people estimate that it is 654.38+000 billion. There are more than 700 million farmers in China, which is equivalent to 100 yuan per farmer. If the losses are reduced, the per capita income of farmers will increase by 100 yuan. Therefore, the Ministry of Commerce regards refrigeration, freezing and cold chain transportation as a key point in the infrastructure construction of agricultural products circulation this year. Second, strengthen the connection between production and marketing. Developed countries call this order agriculture, that is, what I eat, what you sell, what I sell, and what he produces, there is nothing that cannot be produced, only what cannot be sold. The proportion of orders in the United States accounts for about 80%, and Malaysia also reaches 60%. These supermarkets and markets sign contracts with agricultural cooperatives to clarify the varieties and prices of fruits and vegetables and stabilize the relationship between supply and marketing. The proportion in China is still very low, and less than 15% of agricultural products are sold through order contracts. Therefore, this year, we should intensify efforts in the connection between production and marketing, order agriculture and agricultural supermarkets, and encourage large-scale agricultural product circulation enterprises and supermarkets to connect with agricultural cooperative organizations and agricultural product processing enterprises, so as to reduce blindness and increase predictability. Last year, we carried out some pilot projects and achieved good results. According to large supermarkets such as Wumart, Jiajiayue, Carrefour and Wal-Mart, the prices of agricultural products sold by farmers increased by about 15% on average and the prices of supermarkets decreased by 15%, which not only promoted farmers' income, but also contributed to the food safety of urban residents, benefiting farmers, consumers and enterprises. Of course, the state should encourage it. Third, improve the degree of organization. The circulation of agricultural products in China is still carried out in a decentralized way, while farmers abroad are organized by cooperatives, and there are also cooperatives in China, but the degree of organization is not high enough. In some places, agricultural products processing and distribution centers have been established, which have absorbed thousands of farmers and then distributed to shopping malls and supermarkets after processing, which has played a very good role in solving the connection between production and marketing. Fourth, establish a quality and safety traceability system. Support the wholesale market to establish a traceability system, equipped with electronic trading cards, so as to track where products come from and where they are wholesale, and store information such as varieties and prices in files. If agricultural products have safety problems, measures can be taken in time. Therefore, by supporting cold chain transportation, production and marketing convergence, the degree of organization and traceability of quality and safety, it will help invigorate the circulation of agricultural products, reduce costs, improve efficiency, increase farmers' income and ensure the circulation safety of agricultural products.