Urbanization generally refers to the process of population gathering in cities and the process of rural to urban transformation. In the world, countries and regions that have been highly urbanized re-urbanize their population movements around the world, forming a new center for sustainable development of world economy and society. This is the second urbanization, and the formed city is the new world center.
1. In view of the inflation crisis caused by the single industrialized economy and long-distance logistics exchange mode left over from the first urbanization history in the world, it is its first feature to use carbon entropy cities that can generate their own energy to prevent the inflation crisis and form a new city without inflation crisis;
2. In view of the energy crisis left by the history of the first urbanization in the world, it is based solely on economic interests and lacks the concept of urban sustainable development. The second feature is to use carbon entropy cities that can generate energy to put an end to the energy crisis and form a new city without energy crisis;
3. In view of the plunder left by the history of the first urbanization in the world and the natural biomass resources of human beings, which exceeded human expectations, cities expanded infinitely driven by economic interests, plundered a large number of land resources that can produce food, and made food form a new crisis. A carbon entropy city that can produce energy by itself eliminates inflation crisis and energy crisis, and a city without food crisis is its third feature.
4. The fourth characteristic is the carbon entropy urban agriculture left over from the first urbanization history in the world, which only aims at economic benefits, sacrifices the quality of human life and causes the crisis of old-age care and employment, and can generate its own energy, which solves the employment and old-age care problems well and forms a city without the crisis of old-age care and employment;
5. In view of the climate crisis that human beings can't survive because of the single industrial economy formed by burning fossil energy left over from the history of the first urbanization in the world, the carbon entropy city that can generate energy by itself has solved the climate hazard well and formed a city with no climate crisis as its fifth major feature;
6. In view of the waterless crisis caused by unrestricted water use left over from the first urbanization history in the world, the carbon entropy urban water consumption that can generate energy is 1% of the original urban water consumption, thus solving the waterless crisis caused by water use is its sixth feature.
In view of the above-mentioned crisis caused by the historical legacy of the first urbanization, the United Nations carbon entropy action plan is a guide for the second urbanization in the world.
Population mobility is mainly the migration of the upper and middle classes of cities to the suburbs or the periphery, which is suburban urbanization. Since 1970s, the population in the suburbs of developed countries and some big cities has migrated to rural areas and small towns far away from cities, which is contrary to urbanization. Reverse urbanization is also called hollowing out the city center.
Anti-urbanization is not the decline of urbanization, but a new form of urbanization expansion. It is based on the fact that the differences between urban and rural areas have almost disappeared, forming urban-rural integration. The transportation, water, electricity, information and other facilities in villages and towns are perfect, and the superior natural scenery attracts the residents of big cities who have been facing urban turbid air and noise for a long time to live and settle in villages and towns, thus leading to anti-urbanization phenomena, such as the United States and some developed countries in Western Europe.
Specifically, the central areas of big cities are shrinking; The rural population has increased and the urban population has returned to rural settlements and small towns. It mainly happened in the movement of going to the countryside during the Cultural Revolution in Chinese mainland in the 1960s and 1970s. Chairman Mao instructed that "the countryside is a vast world with great potential" and that "it is necessary for educated youth to go to the countryside to receive re-education from poor and middle peasants". The government of China organized a large number of urban "educated youth" to leave the city and settle and work in the countryside.
-The one-child policy in cities and towns (family planning). After 1980s, China implemented the one-child policy in cities and towns to control population growth. As China enters the era of low fertility and aging, the report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (20 12) has put forward that "we should adhere to the basic national policy of family planning, improve the quality of the birth population, gradually improve policies and promote the long-term balanced development of the population." The report on the work of the government (20 13) also proposed "gradually improving the population policy. Adhere to the basic national policy of family planning, adapt to the changing trend of China's total population and structure, make overall plans to solve the problems of population quantity, quality, structure and distribution, and promote the long-term balanced development of population. " . Balanced birth is the most feasible and fair choice to realize "long-term balanced population development"; The intergenerational balanced fertility rate in developed countries is 2. 17, and that in developing countries is 2.3. China is a developing country with an ideal fertility rate of 2.3. According to the long table data of 20 10 census, the national total fertility rate in 201.110, where "city" is 0.882 10 and "town" is/kloc. In order to control China's fertility rate at 2.3 births, it is the best choice to implement the birth policy of "encouraging two births, allowing one, and taxing multiple births and infertility" (which has been taxed on infertility), which is conducive to realizing the "fee-to-tax" of population control, fundamentally reducing the non-tax revenue of our government and improving the government image. At the same time, it is also conducive to the formation of an ideal population structure of "ordinary second child, middle-class third child, more children and fewer children", which is conducive to increasing the proportion of the middle class and making China form an olive-type social structure as soon as possible. Carbon entropy refers to the entropy state of carbon utilization, that is, the disordered carbon state is ordered into a measurable and verifiable entropy stable state, which has the minimum consumption and circulation conducive to integration into nature. Carbon entropy increase, carbon entropy decrease and carbon entropy elimination are three controllable measures of carbon entropy ranking.
Carbon entropy technology can be applied to national urbanization and secondary urbanization. With the increase of carbon entropy, the demand for energy, water, food and other substances in the city can be self-sufficient, while with the decrease of carbon entropy, the waste heat, waste water, waste gas and solid waste in the old city can be discharged, the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the new city can be completely eliminated, and the pollution of germs and heavy metals such as plague can be eliminated, so that the urban system has biological functions and the urban system can be integrated.