Qian Xuesen, a famous modern Chinese scientist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

His ancestral home is Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and he was born in Shanghai in December 1911.

Graduated from the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1934. He studied abroad at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the California Institute of Technology in the United States from 1935 to 1938. He received a master's degree in aeronautical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1936 and a doctorate in aeronautics and mathematics from the California Institute of Technology in 1938.

His mentor was Carmen, the founder of modern mechanics.

Qian Xuesen is a key member of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the earliest rocket research institution in the United States led by Kamen.

From 1947 to 1955, he served as a professor at MIT and California Institute of Technology.

In 1955, Qian Xuesen returned to his motherland and immediately devoted himself to creating and developing the mechanics and aerospace industry of New China.

He has successively served as Director of the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, President and Vice President of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense, Deputy Minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry, Deputy Director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, Deputy Director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and Chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology.

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Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

He has successively won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award, the special prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award, the honorary title of “National Outstanding Contribution Scientist” and the First-Class Hero and Model Medal.

Qian Xuesen has done pioneering work in many subject areas: in aerodynamics, he proposed the transonic flow similarity law, and together with Kamen, he was the first to propose the concept of hypersonic flow, which provided a theoretical basis for sound barriers and thermal barriers.

The formula adopted for high subsonic speed is the "Karman-Qian Xuesen formula" named after them; Qian Xuesen advocated determining the macroscopic mechanical properties of matter from the microscopic laws and named it "physical mechanics"; when Wiener established "cybernetics" in 1947

"After this new discipline, Qian Xuesen quickly developed it into a new technical science - engineering cybernetics in the early 1950s, which provided the basis for the guidance theory of missiles and spacecrafts; after 1955, he organized and promoted systems engineering

Research.

On the basis of Bertalanffy's "general systems theory", he advocated the establishment of "systematics".

On February 17, 1956, Qian Xuesen proposed the "Opinion on Establishing China's Defense Aviation Industry" to the Chinese government, which was the first to propose an extremely important implementation plan for the development of China's rocket and missile technology.

He assisted Zhou Enlai and Nie Rongzhen in preparing to establish institutions for rocket and missile science and technology research.

Since April 1956, he has been a member of this leadership organization and is responsible for planning and establishing the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense.

Due to his significant contribution to the development of China's rocket, missile and aerospace industry, Qian Xuesen is known as the "Father of China's Missile".

Qian Xuesen [edit this paragraph] Introduction Born on December 11, 1911, in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, he joined the Communist Party of China in August 1959. He holds a Ph.D. in foreign language from Wang Tian.

From 1929 to 1934, he studied in the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Jiaotong University. After graduation, he applied to Tsinghua University to study in the United States as a public student. After admission, he interned at Hangzhou Jianqiao Airport.

From 1935 to 1939, he studied in the Department of Aeronautical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States and received a master's degree.

From 1936 to 1939, he studied in the Department of Aeronautics and Mathematics at the California Institute of Technology in the United States and received a doctorate.

From 1939 to 1943, he served as a researcher in the Department of Aeronautics, California Institute of Technology.

From 1943 to 1945, he served as an assistant professor in the Department of Aeronautics, California Institute of Technology (during this period: from 1940 to 1945, he was a communications researcher at the Sichuan Chengdu Aviation Research Institute).

From 1945 to 1946, he served as associate professor in the Department of Aeronautics, California Institute of Technology.

From 1946 to 1949, he served as associate professor and professor of aerodynamics in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

From 1949 to 1955, he served as director and professor of the Jet Propulsion Center at the California Institute of Technology.

Returned to China in 1955.

From 1955 to 1964, he served as director and researcher of the Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and director of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense.

From 1965 to 1970, he served as deputy minister of the Seventh Ministry of Machinery Industry.

From 1970 to 1982, he served as deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and vice chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology.

He has also served as the first and second chairman of the Chinese Society of Automation, honorary president of the Chinese Astronautical Society, the Chinese Society of Mechanics, and the Chinese System Engineering Society, executive director of the Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and member of the Department of Mathematical Physics.

From 1986 to May 1991, he served as Chairman of the Third National Committee of the China Association for Science and Technology.

In May 1991, he was elected as the Honorary Chairman of the China Association for Science and Technology at the Fourth National Congress of the China Association for Science and Technology.

In April 1992, he was appointed as the honorary chairman of the Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In June 1994, he was elected as an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.

He was an alternate member of the 9th to 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and vice chairman of the 6th, 7th and 8th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.

He is a pioneer and outstanding representative of China's aerospace science and technology industry, and is known as the "Father of China's Aerospace" and the "King of Rockets".

While studying and researching in the United States, he collaborated with others to complete the "Review and Preliminary Analysis of Long-Range Rockets", which laid the theoretical foundation for surface-to-surface missiles and sounding rockets. The hypersonic flow theory he co-proposed with others laid the foundation for the development of aerodynamics.

Foundation.

At the beginning of 1956, the "Opinions on Establishing my country's National Defense Aviation Industry" was submitted to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council.

In the same year, based on his suggestions, the State Council and the Central Military Commission established the Aviation Industry Commission, a leading organization for missile and aviation scientific research, and was appointed as a member.