Adhere to the priority of protection and natural restoration. "Ecological prosperity leads to civilization prosperity, and ecological decline leads to civilization decline". According to the plan, at present, the quality of China's ecological environment shows a steady and positive trend, the deterioration trend of various natural ecosystems has been basically curbed, the stability has been gradually enhanced, the ecological quality of key ecological engineering areas has been continuously improved, the ecological service function of national key ecological function area has been steadily improved, and the national ecological security barrier framework has been basically established. While seeing the achievements, Wu Xiao, director of the Rural Economic Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, reminded that there are still many historical ecological debts, many accumulated problems and many realistic contradictions in China. In some areas, the carrying capacity of ecological environment has reached or approached the upper limit, facing the problem of "old debt" and "new debt". The construction of ecological civilization is still in a critical period, a critical period and a window period, and the task of ecological protection and restoration is very arduous. According to the plan, by 2035, by vigorously implementing major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems and comprehensively strengthening ecological protection and restoration, the conditions of natural ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, deserts, rivers and lakes, wetlands and oceans will be fundamentally improved, the quality of ecosystems will be significantly improved, and the supply capacity of high-quality ecological products will basically meet the needs of the people, basically painting a beautiful picture of harmony between man and nature. Wu Xiao introduced that the "Planning" put forward basic principles such as "giving priority to protection, giving priority to natural restoration", "adhering to scientific governance and promoting comprehensive policies"; Major projects will be laid out in key areas such as Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Barrier Zone, Yellow River Ecological Barrier Zone (including Loess Plateau Ecological Barrier Zone), Yangtze River Ecological Barrier Zone (including Sichuan-Yunnan Ecological Barrier Zone), Northeast Forest Belt, Northern Sand Control Zone, Southern Hilly Area and Coastal Zone. According to the natural ecological conditions and main ecological problems in each region, the main attack direction is put forward. "Planning is the overall design of major projects to promote the protection and restoration of important national ecosystems, an important basis for the preparation and implementation of special construction plans for major projects, and has a strategic and guiding role in promoting national ecological protection and restoration." Wu Xiao said. "Mother River ecosystem must be restored" As we all know, the key ecological area of the Yellow River is the most serious area of soil erosion in China, and the ecosystem is unstable. The key ecological areas of the Yangtze River are also facing the risk of ecological degradation of rivers, lakes and wetlands. The problems of soil erosion and rocky desertification are outstanding, and the aquatic biodiversity has been seriously damaged. The eggs and fry of Chinese sturgeon, sturgeon, mullet and the "four big fish" are greatly reduced, and the finless porpoise is facing an extremely dangerous situation. It is urgent to protect the mother river. Zhou, director of the Department of Land, Space and Ecological Restoration of the Ministry of Natural Resources, introduced that the plan laid out eight key projects in key ecological areas of the Yangtze River, namely, water conservation and biodiversity protection in Hengduan Mountain, comprehensive management of rocky desertification in karst areas in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, biodiversity protection and ecological restoration in Daba Mountain, comprehensive ecological management in the Three Gorges reservoir area, protection and restoration of rivers and lakes such as Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake, soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in Dabie Mountain, biodiversity protection in Wuling Mountain and ecological restoration in key ecological areas of the Yangtze River. Five key projects have been laid out in the key ecological areas of the Yellow River, including comprehensive control of soil erosion on the Loess Plateau, ecological protection and restoration of Qinling Mountains, ecological protection and restoration of Helan Mountain, ecological protection and restoration of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and ecological restoration of mines in the key ecological areas of the Yellow River. Zhou said that the Ministry of Natural Resources is working with relevant departments to formulate special construction plans for the three major projects of the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the coastal zone, and to promote the governance model of land-sea coordination and river-lake linkage. "The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are our mother rivers, and we must restore the mother river ecosystem." Yan Zhen, director of the Planning and Finance Department of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, said that the project funds scattered in various projects in the past should be allocated according to the system management of landscape, forest, field, lake and grass, especially in key areas such as the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and coordinated with the ecological protection and restoration measures of other industries to achieve the purpose of overall protection and system restoration and ensure the continuous improvement of forest and grassland ecosystems in the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins. Comprehensive Protection of Endangered Wild Animals and Plants and Their Habitats "Planning" proposes that by 2035, nature reserves with national parks as the main body will account for more than 18% of the land area, and endangered wild animals and plants and their habitats will be fully protected. Yan Zhen introduced that since 20 15 years, China has successively launched 10 national parks such as Sanjiangyuan National Park, Qilian Mountain National Park, Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park, Giant Panda National Park and Tropical Rainforest National Park, covering an area of 222,900 square kilometers. In recent years, China has vigorously promoted the protection and construction of national parks, and the ecosystem in national parks has been restored. "The most representative thing is that the flagship species in these natural ecosystems have been restored, such as the populations of Northeast Tiger, Northeast Leopard and Snow Leopard." Yan Zhen said that at present, there are 27 northeast tigers and 42 northeast leopards in the Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park. Northeast Tiger and Leopard National Park has established a monitoring system integrating heaven and earth, and the monitoring system has photographed precious data of a mother tiger and four cubs walking together for many times. In addition, the national park system has been steadily piloted, and all national parks have established national park administrations, management sub-bureaus and management and protection stations, and the management and protection system has been initially established.

legal ground

Forest Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) Article 1 This Law is formulated for the purpose of practicing the concept that green mountains and green waters are priceless, protecting, cultivating and rationally utilizing forest resources, speeding up land greening, ensuring forest ecological security, building ecological civilization, and realizing harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Article 2 This Law is applicable to the protection, cultivation and utilization of forests and trees and the management of forests, trees and woodlands in People's Republic of China (PRC). Article 3 The protection, cultivation and utilization of forest resources should respect and conform to nature, and adhere to the principle of giving priority to ecology, protection, conservation and sustainable development.