Reasons for winning the prize 190 1 wilhelm konrad rontgen German "discovered unusual rays and named them after him".

(that is, X-ray, also known as Roentgen ray, Roentgen is used as the unit of radiation) 1902 Study on the Influence of Magnetic Field on Radiation Phenomenon in Hendrick Antoine Lorenz and Holland (that is, Zeeman Effect) Peter Zeeman in Holland 1903 Discovery of Natural Radioactivity in Antoine Henry Bekkerel and France. * * * Marie Curie and the study of radioactive phenomena "French 1904 john william strutt and Britain" Determination of the density of those important gases and argon discovered through these studies ".

(Measuring the density of gases such as hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen, Argon was discovered by measuring nitrogen) 1905 Philip Edward Anton von Leonard's Study on Cathode Ray in Germany 1906 Joseph Thomson's Theoretical and Experimental Study on Gas Conduction in Britain 1907 Albert Michelson's Study on His Precision Optical Instruments and Their Spectra and Metrology in America/ 908 gabriel lippmann French "His Method of Reproducing Colors in Photographs by Interference Phenomenon" 65438 Van der Waals' Study on Equation of State of Gas and Liquid 2006 +09 1 kloc-0/German William Wien+091 2 Nils Gustaf Dalen and Sweden "invented the automatic regulating valve for controlling the gas accumulators in lighthouses and buoys" in 2006+0966666696+0913 Heck Kamerling Agnes Holland "he studied the properties of objects at low temperature, especially made them for 7 years. Charles Glover Barkla and Britain "discovered the characteristic roentgen radiation of elements" 19 18, Planck and Germany "discovered quantum" 19 19, and Johannes stark and Germany "discovered the Doppler effect of canal rays and the splitting phenomenon of spectral lines under the action of electric field", which promoted the development of physics. 1920 Charles édouard Guillaume Swiss "the discovery of abnormal phenomena in nickel-steel alloy promotes accurate measurement of physics" 192 1 Albert Einstein Germany "his achievements in theoretical physics, Especially the discovery of the photoelectric effect law "1922 niels bohr and Denmark" his research on the atomic structure and the radiation emitted by atoms "1923 Robert Andrews Millikan USA" his research on elementary charge and photoelectric effect "1924 Karl Manet Qiao Qi Segbain Sweden" his discovery in the field of X-ray spectroscopy. In 925, james frank and Germany "discovered the governing law of atom and electron collision," gustav hertz and Germany 665 discovered the structure of matter and the deposition equilibrium "1927, arthur compton and the United States" discovered the discovery named after him. The effect of "(Compton effect) Charlie Wilson Britain" method of showing the trajectory of charged particles through water vapor condensation "1928 owen richardson Britain" his research on thermionic phenomenon, In particular, he discovered the law named after him (Richardson's Law) 1929, Duke Louis de Broglie, French "Discovering the Wave of Electrons" 1930, Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, and Indian "His Research on Light Scattering and the Discovery of the Effect and the Hydrogen Isomer Resulted from it"/Kloc.

(that is, the basic equations of quantum mechanics-Schrodinger equation and Dirac equation) paul dirac Britain 1935 james chadwick Britain "discovered neutrons" 1936 Victor Francis Hess Austria "discovered cosmic radiation" carl david anderson America "discovered positrons" 1937. Clinton Joseph Davisson's "Their Experimental Findings on the Phenomenon of Electron Diffraction by Crystals" and George Tang Musun's "Britain 1938 Enrico Fermi Italy" prove that neutron irradiation can produce new radioactive elements.

And the discovery of slow neutron-induced nuclear reaction, Ernest Lawrence invented and developed cyclotron in 1939,

From this, the research achievement of artificial radioactive elements "1943 Otto Sting USA" was obtained. The molecular beam method he developed and the research on proton magnetic moment found that "1944 isidor isaac rabi USA" used other words * * *. Recording the magnetism of nuclear by vibration method "1945 Wolfgang Pauli Australia" discovered the incompatibility principle, also known as Pauli principle "1946 Percy Williams Bridgman USA" invented the device for obtaining ultrahigh pressure. Discoveries have been made in the field of high-pressure physics "1947 Edward Victor Appleton UK", especially the discovery of the so-called Aptom layer "Patrick Maynard Stewart blackett of Britain" improved Wilson's cloud chamber method and its discoveries in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic rays "/ Kloc-0/949 Hideki Yukawa of Japan "He predicted the existence of mesons based on the theory of nuclear force" 1950 Cecil Frank. Powell Britain "developed a photographic method to study the nuclear process. Meson research based on this method found that in 195 1, John Douglas Cockcroft and Britain, their pioneering work in artificially accelerating nuclear transmutation, Irish Ernest Wharton, 1952, Felix Bloch and the United States, developed a new method of accurate nuclear magnetic measurement. Based on the research results "Edward purcell, USA, 1953, Frits Zernike and Holland", he confirmed the phase contrast method, especially the phase contrast microscope he invented "1954", the basic research in the field of quantum mechanics in Max Born and Britain, especially his statistical interpretation of wave function "walther bothe and Germany", And the research result obtained by this method "1955 willis eugene lamb USA" and his research result on the fine structure of hydrogen spectrum "Polycarp Kuschusa" accurately measure the electron magnetic moment "1 956 USA, William Bradford Shockley "Their research on semiconductors and the discovery of transistor effect" Walter houser brattain, john bardeen, USA, 1957 Yang Zhenning, USA "They are keen on the so-called parity non-conservation law.

This law has led to many important discoveries about elementary particles "Li Zhengdao, USA 1958 Pavel alexeyevich, Soviet Union Cherenkov discovered and explained Cherenkov radiation" Ilya Frank, Soviet Union Igor Evgenievich Tamm, Soviet Union 1959, and American emilio gino segre "discovered antiprotons". Owen chamberlain USA 1960 Donald Arthur Glaser USA "Invented bubble chamber" 196 1 Robert hofstadter USA "Pioneering Study on Electron Scattering in Nuclei.

And the research findings on the nuclear structure obtained from it, "Rudolf Ludwig Mssbauer De" and his research on the vibration and absorption of gamma rays, as well as

The research related to the effect named after him found that "(Mossbauer effect) 1962 Leo Davidovic Landau's pioneering theory of condensed matter, especially liquid helium" 1963 Yeno Parr Wigner's contribution to the theory of atomic nuclei and elementary particles in the United States.

In particular, the discovery and application of the basic symmetry principle "Maria Geppert-Meyer USA" discovered that the shell structure of the nucleus "J Hans D Jensen Germany1964 Charles Townses USA" was in the field of quantum electronics.

This achievement leads to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the principle of stimulated microwave laser. Nicola Gennadiyevich Basov Soviet Union Alexander prokhorov Soviet Union 1965 Chao Yongzhen Ichiro Japanese "Their basic work in quantum electrodynamics,

These works have had a far-reaching impact on particle physics. "Julian Schwinger, richard phillips feynman, USA, 1966, Alfred kastler, France" discovered and developed an optical method for studying Hertzian vibration in atoms. "1967, Hans Albright Bate, USA" his contribution to the theory of nuclear reaction, especially his research findings on energy generation in stars "/kloc-.

Hydrogen bubble chamber technology and data analysis methods, and thus found a large number of * * * vibration dynamics "1969 Research findings on the classification of elementary particles and their interactions by Murray gherman 1970 Basic research and findings on magnetohydrodynamics by hannis orlov Costa Alvin,

And its fruitful application in plasma physics, the basic research and discovery of antiferromagnetism and ferromagnetism by Louis Nell France, and

Important applications in solid state physics "197 1 Gabor Dennis invented and developed holography in Britain" 1 In 972, in john bardeen and the United States, "they jointly founded the microscopic theory of superconductivity, that is, BCS theory, which is often said," Leon Cooper in the United States, John Robert schrieffer in the United States 1973 in Esaki Reona and Japan "discovered the tunneling effect of semiconductors and superconductors" in Ivar Giaever, Norway, Brian David Josephson in the United Kingdom ",and he theoretically predicted the nature of the overcurrent passing through.

Especially those phenomena commonly known as Josephson effect "1974 martin ryle, England", their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle's invention and observation,

Especially synthetic aperture technology; The key role of Hervish in the discovery of pulsars "Anthony Hervish UK1975 OG niels bohr Danish" discovered the connection between collective motion and particle motion in the nucleus.

According to this connection, the theory of nuclear structure has been developed: Ben Roy Martzen, Danish Leo James rainwater, USA 1976, burton richter USA, their pioneering work in discovering new heavy elementary particles, Ding Zhaozhong USA 1977, philip warren anderson USA, on magnetism and disordered systems. Research on the Basic Theory of Electronic Structure "Neville Mott UK John Van Fleck USA1978 Peter Leonidovich Capicha Soviet Union Basic Invention and Discovery in the Field of Cryogenic Physics" Arno Allen penzias USA Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation "Robert Woodrow Wilson USA 1979 Sheldon Lee glashow USA" About Basic

Including the prediction of weak neutral flow, "abdul sallam in Pakistan, Steven Weinberg 1980 in the United States, james watson cronin in the United States" Found that there is symmetry destruction when neutral K mesons decay ",Val Logsdon Fitch 198 1 year in the United States, Kay siegbahn in Sweden" is of great significance to the development of high resolution. Contribution of electronic spectrometer "Nicolaas Bloembergen and America" to the development of excitation spectrometer "Arthur Sholow USA 1982 Kenneth Wilson USA" Contribution to the theory of critical phenomena related to phase transition "1 983 subrahmanyan chandrasekhar's Study on "The Theory of Important Physical Processes of Star Structure and Its Evolution" The theoretical and experimental study on the nuclear reaction of chemical elements in the universe of "william fowler and America" and "1984 carlo rubbia and Italy" are of great significance to the discovery of weak interaction emitters. The decisive contribution of the large-scale project of field particles W and Z "Simon van der Meer Netherlands 1985 Klaus von Klitsch Germany" Discovery of quantum Hall effect "1986 Ernst ruska Germany" Basic work of electron optics and design of the first electron microscope "Gerd Binning Germany" Development of scanning tunneling microscope "Heinrich Rohrer Switzerland/ Kloc-0/987 johannes bednorz Germany "Discovered the Superconductivity of Ceramic Materials" Karl Miller Switzerland 1988 leon lederman USA "Neutrino beam mode and the discovery of neutrinos proved the dual structure of leptons" melvin schwartz, Steinberger USA, USA 1989 Norman Ramsey, USA "Invented the method of separating oscillation field and its application in hydrogen-excited microwave and other atomic clocks" hans dehmelt, American Jerome Friedman developed ion trap technology. Their pioneering research on deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons is of great significance to the development of quark model in particle physics. Henry Kendall of the United States, richard taylor of Canada, 199 1 Pierre-Gilles Degenne of France found that the method of studying order phenomena in simple systems can be extended to more complex systems.

The research on the form of matter, especially extended to liquid crystals and polymers "1992 Georges charpak France" invented and developed particle detectors, especially the multi-wire proportional chamber "1993 russell hulse and the United States" discovered a new pulsar, which opened up new possibilities for the study of gravity "joseph taylor, the United States 1994 Bertram Brockhouse and Canada.

The pioneering research of neutron scattering technology "Clifford Schell USA" developed neutron diffraction technology,

And the discovery of τ lepton by martin perl and the United States' pioneering neutron scattering technology1995, the discovery of neutrinos by Frederick Reines and the United States, and the discovery of superfluidity in helium -3 by David Lee and the United States' pioneering lepton physics experiment 1996. Kloc-0/997 USA 1998 Robert Labrin USA "Discovery of Hall Effect of Fractional Quantization of Electrons in Strong Magnetic Field" Stormer German Cui Qi American Chinese 1 999 Gerard T Hooft and Holland "clarified the quantum structure of weak-current interaction in physics" Martin Newswellterman Holland 2000 Jorge A. Elfe Rove Russia developed semiconductor heterostructures for high-speed electronics and optoelectronics, Herbert cromer, Germany, jack kilby and the United States contributed to the invention of integrated circuits, and Eric Cornell and the United States made contributions.

And the pioneering contributions of Karl Weiman, wolfgang ketterle, raymond davis and the United States in the field of astrophysics in 2002, especially those of Masatoshi Koshiba, Japanese, Riccardo giacconi and the United States in detecting cosmic neutrinos. These studies led to the discovery of the cosmic X-ray source "Alexei Abrikosov, Russia's pioneering contribution to the theory of superconductors and superfluids in 2003", Vitaly ginzburg, Russia, anthony leggett, Britain and David Gross. In 2004, the United States "discovered the asymptotic freedom in the theory of strong interaction", David Pulitzer, USA and Frank Vilcek. Roy Glauber, USA, 2005, Contribution to Optical Coherent Quantum Theory, John Hall, USA, Contribution to the Development of Laser-based Precision Spectroscopy including Optical Frequency Comb Technology, Teodore Hensch, Germany, discovered the blackbody form and anisotropy of cosmic microwave background radiation in John Mather and the United States in 2006. Goerge smoot and the United States discovered the giant magnetoresistance effect in albert fert and France in 2007; Germany's Peter Griinberg, Kobayashi and Japan discovered the source of symmetry breaking in 2006 and predicted that there were at least three kinds of quarks in nature, namely, Ikekawa Minying, Japan, Yoichiro Nambu and the United States "discovered the spontaneous symmetry breaking mechanism of subatomic physics" in 2009; Gao Kun and Britain "made a breakthrough in optical communication"; Willard Boyle and the United States "invented semiconductors". 0 10 Andre Geim and Russia's "pioneering experiment of two-dimensional graphene materials" Konstantin Novoselov and Russia's 201Brian Schmidt and Australia's "discovering accelerated expansion of the universe by observing remote supernovae" adam riess, saul perlmutter and America's 20 12. Serge haroche, France, "A Breakthrough Experimental Technique for Measuring and Manipulating a Single Quantum System", david wineland, USA, 20 13, peter higgs' prediction of higgs boson in Britain, Francois Englert, Belgium, 20 14, Isamu Akasaki, Japanese invention of "High Brightness Blue Light Emitting Diode", Hiroshi Amano, Shuji Nakamura, Japan, USA, 20 15, Takaaki Kajita, Japan, they discovered neutrino oscillation, which shows that neutrinos have mass in Arthur B. Mcdonald, Canada.