East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve Hunan East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve is located in the east of Dongting Lake, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and in the north of Hunan Province. It is an internationally important wetland with extremely rich biodiversity. With a total area of 19, hm&; sup2; , of which the water area is 65,4 hm&; sup2; The core area is 29, hm&; sup2; . East Dongting Lake is the largest and best-preserved natural seasonal lake in Dongting Lake community at present, with rich habitat types, which provides a very stable and excellent wintering place and an ideal stopping place for birds and other aquatic organisms. In order to find an effective way to solve the contradiction between wetland protection management and development, with the support of GEF and WWF, the East Dongting Lake National Nature Reserve made every effort to build a platform for the mainstream of wetland protection management, and gradually formed a management system with four platforms and four modes as the main line.
The platform of the 5th Dongting Lake International Bird Watching Festival (Competition). Combined with its own resource advantages, with the extensive assistance of external forces, and with the mode of "government-led, market-operated", the reserve has carefully built the Dongting Lake International Bird Watching Competition (Festival), a platform with diverse outputs. A total of nearly 3, participants were received, and 115 teams from different countries and regions participated in the competition, with more than 5 participants. More than 1, people from the United States, Japan, South Korea, Australia, Spain, Denmark, Britain, Austria and other countries, overseas students, experts, and representatives of bird-watching organizations and NGOs from all over China attended the observation. A series of themes and activities such as "Come to Dongting to watch birds in winter", "Selection of city birds", "Selection of provincial birds", "Dongting Lake Wetland Protection Ambassador", "Bird Watching Capital of China" and "Dongting Lake Declaration" have been launched, which has comprehensively improved the understanding level of all sectors of society on the important value and significance of wetlands, birds and ecological protection.
With the preparation of the special fund for ecological protection of Dongting Lake in china green foundation as the carrier, combined with the holding and publicity influence of the Dongting Lake Bird Watching Festival, through continuous innovation, we have sought sponsorship and support from more than 4 domestic and foreign enterprises, and accumulated social financing has reached more than 2 million yuan. It explores a new way for the market-oriented operation of the bird watching competition (festival) and the raising of protection funds in the future, and provides a broad fund-raising platform for enterprises to pay attention to, participate in and invest in the construction of protected areas and the ecological protection of Dongting Lake wetland.
A scientific research and monitoring platform based on the cooperative establishment of Dongting Lake long-term positioning station. The reserve has successively established Dongting Lake research base with Northeast Forestry University, Hunan Normal University, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture of China Academy of Sciences and other research institutions, attracting a wide range of scientific research projects and experts to carry out research collaboratively. It not only makes up for the lack of basic research on Dongting Lake ecosystem, but also provides scientific and technological support for the coordinated development of social economy.
Take the establishment of Dongting Lake Comprehensive Management Office as the carrier to gradually build a multi-sector cooperation platform. At the municipal government level, we will set up a multi-sectoral comprehensive management coordination agency, with the main leaders of the government taking the lead, and the protected areas and more than ten departments including agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, fishery and animal husbandry, development and reform commission, and environmental protection as member units. According to the principle of "friendly consultation and overall consideration", we will treat Dongting Lake from the perspective of building ecological civilization, fully implement the Scientific Outlook on Development in Dongting Lake basin, improve the comprehensive and objective scientific understanding of Dongting Lake wetland protection and sustainable utilization, and implement overall and scientific planning and exploration.
in order to alleviate the contradiction between resource protection and community development, and to explore a win-win management model for large-scale open lakes and wetlands, the production and management model of direct utilization, short-term benefits and habitat destruction is adjusted. Four typical types are selected in the nature reserve in combination with the outstanding needs of species protection, habitat restoration, eco-tourism, eco-agriculture and fishery industry, ecological compensation, closed management and infrastructure construction in wetland biodiversity and ecosystem protection and management.
modern agricultural community construction. Community management of "ecological agriculture and organic fishery" should be carried out in communities with agricultural production as the mainstay. Cooperate with the local government to manage the lakes and wetlands in the experimental area and its surrounding areas, give consideration to the protection of waterfowl and landscape restoration, and promote the transformation of farming mode to organic fishery and ecological agriculture production mode in the process of agricultural structure adjustment. Properly encourage market capital and farmers to carry out ecological farm construction, extend the industrial chain, and launch ecological agricultural products brands mainly based on wetland products; Adjust some land planning, delimit some areas to plant rice and winter wheat in the reserve, and provide supplementary food sources for wintering birds.
eco-tourism community construction. Cooperate with wetland parks and scenic spots around nature reserves to carry out community construction combining "eco-tourism and environmental education", * * * manage the production and business activities of scenic spots and their surrounding waters, * * * promote the complementarity of eco-tourism products between islands and lakes, establish an environmental education base, promote the community to actively participate in ecological protection with the investment and development of eco-tourism industry, reduce the mode of direct utilization and development of resources, and effectively curb fishing and expanding poplar trees in wetlands.
The number of wintering migratory birds in East Dongting Lake has dropped sharply, and the construction of closed management community. Cooperate with local governments and departments mainly in the core area of protected areas, implement various measures of closed management, and explore and try the mode of closed management, seasonal zoning and phased management in the core area of large lakes. Properly resettle fishermen, seek multi-channel funds to solve the survival and production problems of fishermen, and ensure the stability and safety of the absolutely protected areas.
open management community construction. In cooperation with relevant departments of local government (fishery administration, reed industry company, town government, etc.), the management mode of dynamic open community in the middle of the lake is explored. Establish a monitoring system, a coordination mechanism and a joint law enforcement system to restore effective management of the region. Because these areas are the core areas of nature reserves, with single production mode, rich species and less human interference, it is very difficult to manage and monitor them, so it is necessary to encourage fishermen and reed producers engaged in production to participate in the protection and management.
Since it became an internationally important wetland in 1992, three conferences of great significance and international influence have been held in the history of wetland protection in China. In 1994, China Wetland Protection Action Plan, which was a landmark for China wetland protection in the 21st century, was adopted in 1998 to strengthen international regional cooperation in the Northeast Asia and North Pacific Environmental Forum. In 27, the mainstream of wetland protection was jointly organized by UNDP and GEF. At the same time, draw lessons from the mainstream experience of the international community in wetland management, take advantage of the opportunity that the state attaches importance to ecological construction, extensively expand investment channels, strengthen legal protection, and provide a good development opportunity for policy support. Hunan Province and Yueyang City have successively issued a number of local regulations and documents, such as the Regulations on the Protection of Wetlands in Hunan Province, the Decision on the Closed Management of the Core Areas of Large and Small West Lakes, and the Notice on Strengthening the Wetland Management of Dongting Lake. A coordination committee for comprehensive management at the provincial and municipal levels was established, and a mechanism for multi-sectoral coordination and management was established. At the same time, the departments and responsibilities of comprehensive law enforcement were defined, a number of ecological restoration and protection projects were launched, and eco-industry-based development models such as eco-agriculture, eco-fisheries and eco-tourism were launched in a timely manner, and a series of water environment improvement actions were launched, shutting down 234 polluting enterprises.
therefore, Dongting lake wetland protection and management has achieved four great leaps, from single species protection to ecosystem protection, from single emphasis on protection to balanced development, from single regional management to watershed level, from single department management to multi-sectoral and cross-regional cooperation comprehensive management mechanism. The protection and sustainable utilization of biodiversity in Dongting Lake wetland has been widely concerned and participated by the government, departments at all levels and all walks of life, and has really become the mainstream action of management in social and economic life.