Britain: a three-pillar pension system has been formed: the first pillar is the national basic pension, which is imposed by the government through the national insurance system, with the same treatment to meet the basic pension needs; The second pillar is the occupational pension, which is collected by the employer. After the reform of 20 12, it became compulsory to reduce the burden of national basic pension. The third pillar is the personal pension plan, that is, the pension investment plan for individuals to purchase insurance companies and financial intermediaries. The "Pension Bond", which was launched on June 5438+ 10 this year, is one of the measures to reform the British pension system, aiming at enriching the personal pension investment methods and improving the pension investment income.
Germany: The pension system consists of three pillars: statutory pension insurance, enterprise pension insurance and private pension insurance. German pension investment pursues a relatively cautious strategy, and the investment company law clearly stipulates the upper limit for pension funds to invest in stocks or other financial derivatives. Physical assets such as infrastructure construction and real estate are often the first choice for German pension investment.
Japan: The old-age security system is called "annuity system" and the pension is called "annuity". There are two kinds of annuities in Japan. One is the national annuity, also known as the basic annuity, which all citizens of a specified age can join and enjoy. The other is income-linked welfare annuity and * * * economic annuity, in which enterprise employees and civil servants join according to their different identities. The pension model pursues the principle of "centralization of state power", and the government dominates the management of pension funds. Both the welfare annuity and the national annuity are managed by the Social Insurance Department of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, while the economic annuity is managed by the mutual aid association itself. Two-thirds of the income of the national annuity comes from the insurance premiums collected, and 1/3 comes from the government's financial subsidies.
Singapore: Pension investment and operation is a typical centralized government management model, called central provident fund. This system has the characteristics of compulsory savings. All employed Singapore citizens and permanent residents and their employers must join the provident fund scheme. The provisions of the pension system are also quite strict. The money in the provident fund account is mainly used by the government to invest in national debt, domestic housing and infrastructure construction, and gives back certain interest to members every year. The system has set up four accounts for the holders, covering pension, housing, medical care and other fields. A board composed of government, enterprise representatives, employee representatives and social security experts supervises and manages the Central Provident Fund Administration. The government guarantees the repayment of the central provident fund, but the collection, management and investment of the provident fund are independent of the government.
Choosing a fund is a big deal. This aspect is definitely the most powerful, artifact, and the recommended quality is extremely high. . Search' optional base' and discover a new world!