Japanese: Japan has the deepest interaction with China in history, but it is also the country with the deepest conflict with China. This relationship is very subtle. However, the Japanese are persistent in their beliefs. If nothing else, everyone probably knows that China's celebrities, whether in film or literature, have the most contacts with foreigners.

Koreans: Koreans are the closest country to China in history, but now they are the most distant country. Now, their people seem to be close and distant.

Americans: If they walk with the Japanese or the British, they will probably look very superior to others. They can be arrogant to the Japanese, Germans or Russians, saying, "They are all defeated ~ ~", but I don't think China people will feel much inferior when they approach them. In fact, there are many similarities between the United States and China. For example, both countries are very few big countries, and their nationals are very broad-minded and easy to regard each other as rivals.

French: France is the most popular with China in Europe, and France has the best communication with China in all aspects in Europe. There is basically no origin between Chinese and French cultures, but they are all independent and regionally representative. It's just that the romance and freedom of French people and the steadiness and kindness of China people have much room for integration.

Russians: There are many similarities in the history experienced by China and Russia, and they also have a very close history of communication. For a long time, China people's artistic thoughts and philosophy were all learned from Russians. Russians are rugged and manly, which many people in China appreciate very much.

Englishmen: The greatest feature of Englishmen is that they are gentlemen. Even if they are more like Americans, they have a temperament that Americans can't match. Although, many of us now think of the British as Americans. Three periods of China's ancient foreign exchanges

In ancient times, China's exchanges with other countries in the world developed gradually.

It started from neighboring countries, such as North Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia, and then gradually spread to India, Persia and Arabia, and finally to Europe, East Africa and North Africa.

China's feudal society's foreign economic and cultural exchanges can be roughly divided into three periods: the first period is the Qin and Han Dynasties. The main contacts during this period were limited to neighboring countries such as North Korea, Japan, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia and Myanmar. It was not until the late Eastern Han Dynasty that there was formal direct contact with West Asia and Europe. The "Silk Road" opened by Zhang Qian is the most brilliant performance of China's diplomatic relations in this period, which is emphasized in the textbook. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, when Ban Chao went to the Western Regions, he sent Gan Ying, the deputy envoy, to Daqin (Roman Empire), and Gan Ying arrived in the rest of the West and returned to the Persian Gulf due to unknown circumstances. By 166, King Andun of Daqin sent an envoy to China, which was the beginning of the formal communication between China and Europe. The above situation is introduced in the textbook.

The second period of China's foreign exchanges was the Sui and Tang Dynasties in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and more importantly, the Sui and Tang Dynasties. During this period, China's feudal economy was in the stage of prosperity and rising, and foreign economic and cultural exchanges also developed greatly. The foreign relations in this period have three characteristics: first, China has gradually formed into the economic and cultural center of the East. The economic and cultural exchanges with some neighboring countries are no longer limited to general exchanges, but as the center of talent training and economic exchanges. Second, during this period, the spatial scope of China's foreign economic and cultural exchanges has been greatly expanded. In addition to East Asia and Southeast Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, Europe and even Africa have already had more frequent commercial, economic and cultural exchanges. Most notably, merchants from Persian and Arab envoys

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came to China in large numbers. During the Tang Dynasty, there were a number of Persians who stayed in China and never returned. Third, both maritime and land transportation were developed during this period.

The third period of China's foreign exchanges was the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the Opium War). The foreign relations in this period also had three characteristics: First, since the Northern Song Dynasty, the commodity economy in feudal society has developed, domestic and foreign trade has flourished, and foreign shipping has also advanced by leaps and bounds, especially maritime transportation, ranking among the best in the world. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, China's fleet was the most active in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. Second, during the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, a number of international travelers with rich voyage experience appeared in China's foreign economy and culture. They include Wang Dayuan in the Yuan Dynasty and Zheng He in the Ming Dynasty. At the same time, among a large number of businessmen from Arabia, Persia and Europe, a number of world-famous travelers emerged, such as Kyle Polo, an Italian who came to China in the Yuan Dynasty, Ibn Baitutai, a Moroccan, and so on. Of course, Wang Dayuan and Ibn Baitutai didn't mention it in the textbook. Third, after the early Qing Dynasty, these contacts were gradually interrupted because of the closed door policy adopted during the feudal rule.