Chinese civilization has a long history of five thousand years. However, the "belief history" supported by handed down documents can indeed be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty and the first year, that is, 84 BC1year. The history traced back from then on is vague. In Sima Qian's Historical Records of the Three Dynasties, only the names of the kings of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties were recorded, and there was no specific year of reign. This situation is called "the world has no years" and has become a major defect in the history of Chinese civilization. For thousands of years, countless scholars have devoted their lives to changing this situation, but such a large-scale project cannot be completed alone. In recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology, archaeological achievements are constantly emerging, and the time is ripe to change the "world without history".
"The Dating Project of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties" is a combination of natural science and humanities and social sciences, and it is the largest interdisciplinary joint research system project in the history of China. During the implementation of the project, more than 200 experts and scholars from history, archaeology, astronomy, science and technology dating and other disciplines, under the leadership of four chief scientists, Li Xueqin, Li, Xi and Qiu Shihua, Qi Xin made concerted efforts to overcome difficulties and achieved innovative research results, and completed 9 topics and 44 special topics.
Through the study of historical documents, the excavation of historical and cultural sites, the identification of ancient Chinese characters such as Oracle Bone Inscriptions and the arrangement of ancient astronomical records, the Chronology of Xia, Shang and Zhou was officially published on June 9, 2000. The chronology has extended the historical calendar of China by 1 for more than 200 years. It is inferred that the boundary between Shang and Zhou dynasties marked by Zhou Wuwang's crusade against Shang Zhouwang is BC 1 046, and the specific reign years of the Ten Kings of the Western Zhou Dynasty before 84 1 year BC are defined. It is estimated that the dividing point of Xia and Shang Dynasties is 1600 BC, and the reign years of twelve kings under King Wu of Shang Dynasty are determined, which provides a basic chronological framework for the early history of Shang Dynasty. It is speculated that the beginning year of the Xia Dynasty is 2070 BC, and the basic chronological framework of the Xia Dynasty is put forward accordingly.
The "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dating Project" provided chronology scale for the three generations of Xia, Shang and Zhou in the important period of the development of Chinese civilization, clarified the relationship and development of the pre-Qin history, filled a gap in the ancient chronology of China, formulated the most scientific representative of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dating so far, and laid the foundation for continuing to explore the origin of Chinese civilization. At the same time, the successful completion of this project has also opened the paradigm of interdisciplinary research in 2 1 century. I. Overview
"Chinese civilization has a long history of five thousand years. However, the "belief history" supported by recognized handed down documents began in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the first year, that is, 84 BC1year. The history traced back from then on is vague. In Sima Qian's Historical Records of the Three Dynasties, only the names of Xia, Shang and Wednesday kings were recorded, and there was no specific year of reign. This situation is called "no age in the world" and has become a major flaw in the history of Chinese civilization. " China's ancient civilization is one of the few ancient civilizations with independent origin and sustainable development in the history of the world. It has been circulated for thousands of years and has never stopped. It is extremely rare in the world. In fact, more and more archaeological data in modern times prove that the era of ancient civilization in China began much earlier than previously estimated. In the 5,000-year history of civilization in China, the chronology scale has not been established for more than 2,000 years, which poses an important problem for the descendants of the Chinese people, that is, how to fill this gap and improve this chronology scale.
Although the "Dating Project of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties" was officially launched in May 1996, and passed the national acceptance in September 15, 2000, the dating problem of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties in China has not been really clarified. However, the "results of multidisciplinary research" of engineering also have many uncertain years and many doubts, which are worth discussing. Rebuilding the chronological framework of China's pre-Qin history plays an important role in the study of China's ancient history, especially in the exploration and study of the origin of Chinese civilization. The historical materials of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties in China mainly include Historical Records, Annals of Bamboo Slips, Spring and Autumn Annals, Zuo Zhuan, Shangshu, Yizhou Book, Mandarin, Warring States Policy, Pre-Qin philosophers and so on. However, as the head of official history, Historical Records has many mistakes in the pre-Qin historical era, especially in the history of the Five Emperors and the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties, and the evidence is not sufficient. Other historical materials, when recording the history of China for three generations, are only a few words, so it is difficult to form a complete system. Only the chronological system of Jin Ben Zhu Ji Shu Year is a complete system. After years of careful study, the author found that:
The chronological record of this bamboo book is a complete and rigorous chronological system and very reliable.
Based on Wang Guowei's Chronology of Modern Bamboo Books, combined with the Chronology of Ancient Bamboo Books, Historical Records, Zuo Zhuan, Yizhoushu and other books, this paper establishes the exact chronological system of China's Xia, Shang and Zhou history.
Second, the historical origin of Chronicle of Cadres and Chronicle of Branches
Chronology of cadres and branches is a traditional method in China. Because the number of heavenly stems and earthly branches is different, there will be 60 different combinations in heavenly stems and earthly branches, and there will be a repeated cycle every 60 years. If the chronology of trunk and branch is combined with the chronology of the emperor, there will be no chronological error, because the coordinate of the year corresponding to this synthetic chronology is unique, which can not only determine the specific year, but also confirm each other before and after. Therefore, the combination of the two chronology methods is of inestimable and decisive significance in chronology.
Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the chronology methods in ancient China mainly used the chronology of the dry branch and the chronology of the emperor. At that time, the main branches were mainly used for astronomical observation, calendar and year naming. There is the following correspondence between the old star system used at that time and the current relay and branch system:
Heavenly stem: earthly branch
A: Yan Fengzi: I'm sleepy.
B: ugly: full of energy.
C: You Zhaoyin: Photography.
Mao: Shanlu.
E: Tu Vision Wei: Xu Zhi
Himself; Zhu Lisi: Great Wilderness
G: Shang: Dunyi
Xin; Zhaoyang is not; Qi Xie
Ren: Heng Aishen; Wutan
G: Shawn: Have nightmares.
Xu: photo
Hai: Keizo Obuchi
According to Records of Historical Records and Hanshu, this method of recording the corresponding age of official support in China can be traced back to the period of Emperor Zhuan Xu in the Five Emperors, and the official support calendar has a very long history in China. Therefore, the records of the chronology of dry branches in the Records of Bamboo in the Present are credible, and are not forgeries of later generations. There has always been a tradition of "starting from scratch" and "starting cautiously" in the history of China. Therefore, in the first year of each emperor's accession to the throne or the first year when he was appointed as the son of heaven (Shang Tang attacked and Zhou Wuwang attacked the Shang and Zhou Dynasties), the method of combining the chronology of the emperor with the chronology of the year was adopted. This is shown in the Chronology of the Bamboo Book, except for Huangdi, Zhuan Xu and several emperors in the Western Zhou Dynasty, others all had chronologies of the first year and their corresponding branches, and some even interspersed several branches in the chronology of the emperor. Therefore, the author's chronology of Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties is based on the imperial chronology method and the branch chronology method. The specific method is as follows:
Firstly, according to the chronology of the emperor and its corresponding branches and branches, the corresponding branches and branches in the years before and after the reign of the emperor were determined, and then compared with the branches and branches of the first year of the two emperors before and after, and verified each other. After determining the year numbers before and after each emperor and their corresponding branches and branches, according to the relevant records and calculations of bamboo annals, the specific year of each emperor's reign is verified, and then the corresponding chronology of A.D. is compared with the chronology of emperors and branches and branches, so as to determine the three dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou. In order to ensure the reliability and continuity of chronology, this paper mainly traces the exact chronology from * * * and the first year to Xia, Shang and Zhou.
Three. Western Zhou dynasty
The date of the Western Zhou Dynasty is mainly based on three basic points: "JOE in the first year of Zhou Xuanwang", "* * * and the first year of rule" and "Wushen in the first year of Zhou Liwang".
According to the chronology of bamboo books today:
Wu Shen in the first year of Zhou Liwang.
In the twelfth year of Li's reign, China people rioted and Wang Li fled.
Li reigned for thirteen years.
Li died in twenty-six years, Zhou Dinggong, and King Mu Jing called him king.
The following year, he officially acceded to the throne, saying, "In the first month of the first year, Wang acceded to the throne, and Zhou Zhaomu assisted the government."
According to the chronological order recorded above, the corresponding year of Zhou Liwang's reign can be determined, and then the specific year of Zhou Liwang's reign can be determined according to the year of AD.
In chronological order:
Wu Shen in the first year of Zhou Liwang.
Two years of self-sufficiency.
Geng Xu for three years.
In 1914
Five-year renzi
Six years of shame
Seven-year Jiayin
Mao Yi, eight years old.
Nine-year Chen Bing
Ten years ding si
Eleventh five-year plan
Twelve years have passed.
The 13th year of Geng Shen * * and the first year of his administration B.C84 1 year.
Fourteen years of heart
Fifteen years in Ren Xu
Sixteen years Guihai
Seventeen-year jiazi
Eighteen years of ugliness
Nineteen years bingyin
Twenty years ding Mao
New Year's Eve of 21 years.
Twenty-two years passed.
Twenty-three years Geng Wu
Twenty-four years in Xin Wei
Ren Shen has been in office for twenty-five years.
Twenty-six years in Gui You
In the first year of Zhou Xuanwang, JOE, 827 BC.
According to the "National Studies Network"-chronology of Chinese emperors;
The corresponding branch of Zhou * * * and B.C84 1 first year is Gengshen;
In the first year of Zhou Xuanwang, the corresponding branch was JOE in 827 BC;
It can be seen that the records of the main branch and the emperor's chronology and the comparison with the AD chronology in these two years are correct. Chronology based on this should be credible. It can be determined from this that:
The specific year of Zhou Liwang's rule: 853 BC to 828 BC.
13 was the first year of * * *, and he came to power; Li 26 years is * * 14 years, he is in power. After determining the number of years of Zhou Liwang's reign, the corresponding branches and branches are calculated year by year. Then, combined with the chronology of the emperor and the corresponding branches and branches in the first year, it is mutually verified whether the records of branches and branches in the chronicle of modern bamboo books correspond, and then the specific reign time of the emperor in the chronicle of bamboo books is determined according to the conversion of AD chronology.
Zhou Liwang used to be his father Zhou Yiwang. According to bamboo records, the first year of Zhou Yiwang was the year of Gengzi, and the first year of Zhou Liwang was the year of Wushen. According to the yearbook of the main branch, the results are as follows;
Zhou Yiwang in the first year of Gengzi
Xin Chou
Human voice
Guimao
Chen Jia
Yasi
Igloo
Wei Ding
B in 853, the first year of Zhou Liwang, Wu Shen.
According to inference, the above results are consistent with the ruling time of Zhou Yiwang in the Chronicle of Modern Bamboo Books.
Zhou Yiwang reigned for 8 years, that is, 86 BC1year-854 BC;
There were uncles and weeks before, then Xin Mao in the first year, and then Geng Zi in the first year. The results are as follows:
Wang Xiao of Zhou in the first year of Xinmao
Ren Chen
Guisi
Wu Jia
Yiwei
Shen Bing
Dingyou
Wuxu
Jihai
Zhou Yiwang in the first year of Gengzi
The nine-year reign of Zhou recorded in the chronicle of modern bamboo books is consistent with this.
Zhou reigned from 870 BC to 862 BC.
And so on:
In the first year of Zhou Yiwang, Bingyin-25 years of Gengyin in 895 BC-87 BC1year.
In the first year of Zhou Wang, Jiayin * * *-907 BC-896 BC 12 years;
The first year of Zhou Muwang has passed-fifty-five years. From 962 BC to 908 BC.
In the first year of Zhou Zhaowang, Gengzi-19' 98 BC1year-963 BC.
JOE in the first year of Zhou Kangwang-Jihai1007 in 26 BC-982 BC.
In the first year of Zhou Chengwang, in the thirty-seventh year of Ding You-Gui You, BC 1044- BC 1008.
Xin Mao was born in the twelfth year-Shen Bing BC 1050-BC 1045 in the seventeenth year.
It is estimated that the reign of Zhou Wuwang and Cheng Kang is the main doubt.
According to the chronology of bamboo books today:
In the fifty-first year of "Zhou", Wuzi crossed and returned.
"Fifty-two years Geng Yin, Zhou Shi cut Yin"
In the 12th year of Zhou Wuwang, Xin Mao was successfully defeated by Konoha War. That year, he officially ascended the throne and became the son of heaven. Before that, Zhou Wuwang's calendar could only be a vassal of the place where he was a businessman. The calendar of this bamboo book adopts the method of "because of its first year", as did the previous Shang Tang Revolution.
On the Ruling Time of Two Kings in Cheng Kang
Historical records? Zhou Benji, "At the time of success, the world was peaceful and the punishment was wrong for more than 40 years." Some people think that the total number of years in Cheng Kang will not exceed 40 years. This understanding is extremely wrong. When Zhou Chengwang first acceded to the throne, the world was uncertain. Wu Geng, Sanjian, Huaiyi, Election, Man Jing, Bei Tang, etc. Conquered by Zhou Gongdan and Zhou Chengwang, they acceded to the throne in Zhou Chengwang. According to the records of modern bamboo chronicles, the details are as follows:
In the first month of the first year of your reign, Wang acceded to the throne and ordered Zhou Wengong as the record. In the afternoon in Wu Geng, the Duke of Zhou wrote to his ministers in the imperial city. Summer and June, buried in Bi. Autumn, Zhou Chengwang Canadian dollar clothing. Wu Geng rebelled against Yin. Zhou Wengong lives in the east.
Spent two years in Zhou Chengwang.
Yimen,, and other places fell one after another. Autumn, thunder and lightning, Zhou Chengwang inverse Zhou Wengong in the suburbs. Then cut the yin.
Spent three years in Zhou Chengwang.
Defeat Yin and kill Wu Genglu's father. The person who moved to Yin was Wei. Then cut and choose. The extinction of Pupu began.
Spent four years in Zhou Chengwang.
In the first month of spring, the first dynasty was in the temple. In summer and April, I tasted wheat for the first time. Zhou Chengwang gave up Huaiyi and took part in the election.
Spent five years in Zhou Chengwang.
In the first month of spring, Zhou Chengwang was elected and moved his monarch to Pugu. In summer and May, Zhou Chengwang was elected. Move the Yin people to Luoyi. Then the camp became a week.
Spent six years in Zhou Chengwang.
Qiyang search.
Spent seven years in Zhou Chengwang.
Duke Zhou returned to power in Zhou Chengwang. In spring and February, Zhou Chengwang is rich. In March, Kang Gong was called Luodu City. . Jiazi, Zhou Wengong, the capital of Chengzhou. Zhou Chengwang is the capital of Rudong, and governors come to Korea. In winter, Zhou Chengwang belongs to the capital of the East. Rigaopi Temple.
Spent eight years in Zhou Chengwang.
In the first month of spring, Zhou Chengwang took the lead. Lu bird father Hou, Qi Houji moved to Lu. Dance like an elephant. In October, he defeated the Tang Dynasty and moved the capital to Du.
Spent nine years in Zhou Chengwang.
In the first month of spring, Zhou Chengwang had something to do with the ancestral temple, so he used a spoon first. When Su Shenshi came to North Korea, Zhou Chengwang asked Rong Boxi to put Su Shenshi to death.
Ten years in Zhou Chengwang
Zhou Chengwang named Tang Shuyu Tang Hou. Shang Yue's family came to North Korea. Zhou Wengong lived a rich life.
I stayed in Zhou Chengwang for eleven years.
In the first month of spring, Zhou Chengwang is rich. Tang Xian Jiahe ordered Tang Shu to return Zhou Wengong. Zhou Chengwang ordered Duke Zhou Ping to rule the eastern capital. Covenant: Duke Ping of Zhou is Jun Chen, the son of Duke Zhou and the brother of Bo Qin.
Twelve years in Zhou Chengwang.
Division Zhou Chengwang, Yanshi Han Cheng, Zhou Chengwang Western Han Hou Ming.
Thirteen years in Zhou Chengwang
The division will be Qi Hou and Lu Hou. In summer and June, Lu Da died in Zhougong Temple.
Fourteen years in Zhou Chengwang
The Qin Dynasty was a time of qu Cheng and Ke Zhi. In winter, Luo Yi succeeded.
Eighteen years in Zhou Chengwang.
In the first month of spring, Zhou Chengwang is like Dingding in Luoyi. Zhou Chengwang Zhou Wuwang, Zhou Gongdan regent for seven years. The system of rites and music, the emperor of the bird of God and the phoenix, were born with the same pod, but he and Shouhe, Luo and Shen Bi. After the ceremony, Zhou Chengwang retired. As for the sundial, Rong went out of the curtain river, Qingyun floated to the altar, took the image of Xuanjia and sat down. The same is true of courtesy to Luo. Xuanzang Qinglong's pale light stopped at the altar, his back armor was engraved with books, written in red, and Zhou was written in the world. While writing, the tortoise and the armor left. His words ended in the ups and downs of the Qin and Han Dynasties from the Duke of Zhou. Kirin Garden, Phoenix in the fragrant pavilion, with the help of the piano singing: "Phoenix in the purple pavilion, feeling the spirit, Lai xi has grace, and is in harmony with the people."
Nineteen years in Zhou Chengwang.
, Hou, Dian, Yin Kang Gong followed. Belonging to Zhou Zong, he became an official. Rich and glorious.
I stayed in Zhou Chengwang for twenty-one years.
Eliminate symptoms. Zhou Wengong is a rich man.
Spent 22 years in Zhou Chengwang.
Duke Wen of Zhou () was buried in Bi.
24 years in Zhou Chengwang.
Yu Yue's guest.
Spent 25 years in Zhou Chengwang.
Zhou Chengwang conference oriental governors, four foreign guests. In winter and October, it belongs to Du Dong, and the event is in the ancestral hall.
Thirty years in Zhou Chengwang
The guest left Rong. Case: Li Rong, the glory of Lishan Mountain, was chopped by Lin and complained.
Thirty-three years in Zhou Chengwang
Zhou Chengwang swam in the volume and asked Kang Gong to follow. Back to Zhou Zong. Zhao Shizi in life is like a rebellious woman, while Fang Bo prays for a woman.
Thirty-four years in Zhou Chengwang
Yujin is in Xianyang. Contract case: Xianyang Tianyu Jin, three years, state-owned funeral.
37 years in Zhou Chengwang
April in summer is ugly, Wang Yi.
Judging from the above historical records in Annals of Bamboo Books, Zhou Chengwang played the piano in the 18th year, and the criminal law was clearly recorded in the 19th year in the history of Zhou Chengwang. Since then, from the twentieth year of Zhou Chengwang (1026 BC) to the twenty-sixth year of Zhou Kangwang (9826 BC), there is no record of "wrong punishment by conquest" in Zhou Chengwang, but it is by no means that the total time of Cheng Kang's reign is nearly forty years. The two are actually two fundamentally different conceptual issues.
The Western Zhou Dynasty lasted for 280 years from the 12th year of Zhou Wuwang in 1050 BC to the 11th year of Zhou Youwang in 77 1 BC.
Supplementary Notes on the History of Western Zhou Dynasty in Zhushu Chunqiu
1. If the calendar year of the Western Zhou Dynasty starts from the first year of Zhou Wuwang (C 106 1) to the eleventh year of Zhou Youwang (C77 1), the cumulative year of the Western Zhou Dynasty is 29 1, this method is not appropriate.
"It's been a hundred years since Zhou was an envoy."
Xin Wei in the 33rd year of Shang and Zhou Dynasties (B.C.1070 in the 44th year of Zhou Wenwang) was ordered.
Chen Geng BC 106 1 year, the first year of Zhou Wuwang.
The first year of Zhou Muwang is no longer 962 BC.
From Zhou Wenwang to the first year of Zhou Muwang, * * * is 109, and from the first year of Zhou Wuwang to the first year of Zhou Muwang, it happens to be100; It can be seen that from the appointment of Zhou here, it should be counted from the appointment of, and it is estimated that the word "Yu" after "one hundred years" is incomplete.
3. Year from Zhou Wuwang to Zhou Youwang:
Chronology of Ancient Bamboo Books and Chronology of Jizhong say that it has been 257 years since the King of Wu destroyed Yin and even the King of Youwang.
Chronology of this bamboo book > Destroying Yin, at the age of Gengyin, at the age of 24, at the age of Jiayin, made Luoyi the reclusive king, 257 years, * * * 28 1 year, from the first year to the reclusive king in 292.
In fact, it was 29 1 from Chen Geng in the first year of Zhou Wuwang (here it was my base, which was pushed forward for one year, B.C 106 1) to Wu Geng in the eleventh year of Zhou Youwang (B.C77 1). Because of the mistake in the first year of Zhou Wuwang, it was pushed forward for one year and was wrongly committed in 292.
In the 11th year of Zhou Wuwang, Geng Yin (BC 105 1 year) felled merchants.
At the age of twenty-four, Jiayin (B.C.1027) settled in Luoyi in the eighteenth year of Zhou Chengwang. It is 28 1 year from Zhou Wuwang to Zhou Youwang, and 257 years from Zhoucheng to Zhou Youwang. It can be seen that the ancient records here are taken out of context for future generations to see, and this record is complete and correct.
Three. Determination of Yin and Shang Dynasties
According to the chronology of bamboo books today:
Di Xin (or Shang and Zhou Dynasties) was born in the first year.
Fifty-two years Geng Yin
Zhou Wuwang Xin Mao in the 12th year.
According to the chronological method of trunk and branch, the results are as follows:
1 jihai (the first year of the week)
2 Geng Zi 3 Xin Chou 4 Yong Yin 5 Gui Mao 6 Chen Jia 7 Yi Si 8 Wu Bing 9 Ding Wei 10 Wushen 1 1 Ji You 12 Geng Xu 13 Xin Hai 14 Ren Zi 15 Gui Chou/Kloc. 3 24 Renyi 25 Guihai 26 Jiazi 27 Yechou 28 Bingyin 29 Ding Mao 30 E Chen 3 1 32 33 34 35 36 Jiazi 37 Yehai 38 Bingzi 39 Ding Chou 40 E Yin 4 1 Ji Mao 42 43 Xin Yu 44 Renwu 45 Guiwei 43.
According to the order of branches, it can be confirmed that the specific year of Shang and Zhou dynasties in the chronicle of modern bamboo books is consistent with the records of branches and branches.
The age of Shang Zhouwang's rule:
In the fifty-second year of the first year of Jihai, Gengyin B.C.1102-B.C.1051year.
By analogy, we can infer the number of years of emperors in Yin and Shang Dynasties.
The Reform Movement of 1898 in the first year of Di (b.c11-b.c1103).
In the thirteenth year of Wen Ding, Ding Chou B.C.1124-B.C.112 years.
In the thirty-fifth year of Renyin in the first year of the Reform Movement of 1898, Bingzi b.c1159-b.c1125.
Geng Dingyuan was the eighth year of Wu Jia, ugly B.C.1167-B.C.1160 years.
Feng Xinyuan year, Geng Yin four years. B . c 1 17 1-B . c 1 168。
In the thirty-third year of Zujia's first year, Ding Sichou b.c1204-b.c1172.
In the eleventh year of the third day of the first year of Zu Geng, Chen Bing B.C.1215b.C.1205.
In the fifty-ninth year of Wuding, BC1274-BC 12 16.
Ding You's tenth year, Xiao Yiyuan's year, is the afternoon of 1284- BC 1275 BC.
Shen Bing BC 1287—— BC 1285 Xiao Xinyuan, the third year of Wu Jia.
In the first year of Pan Geng, Bingyin BC 13 15.
BC 14 (moved to Yin) 1302
In 28 BC, 1288
Yang Jiayuan, Ren Xusi, b.c1319-b.c1316.
In the sixth year of Chen Bing's life, Nangeng's first year, 1325 BC, was in his mind.
In the ninth year of Zu Ding, BC1334-BC 1326.
Jia kaiyuan years, Ren Yin five years, Bingwu years.
Zu Xinyuan was born in the 14th year of Wuzi, with Renyin B.C 1353-B.C 1340.
It has been nineteen years since the first year of Zuyi. Dinghai BC 1372- BC 1354.
In the ninth year of Gengshen in the first year of Hejia, Chen Wu BC 138 1 year-BC 1373.
Ten years have passed since the year of Gengxuyuan in Wairen-BC 139 1 year-BC 1382.
In the first year of Zhongding, Xin Chou was nine years old. BC 1400- BC 1392.
In the 75th year of Taiwu, Gengzi BC 1475- BC 140 1 year.
In the twelfth year of JOE in the first year of Yongji, it was yiyou BC 1487- BC 1476.
In the forty-seventh year of Ding and the year of Xiao Jiayuan, I returned to BC1504-BC 1488.
Xiao Gengyuan, Renzi was five years old, Chen Bing BC 1509- BC 1505.
In the 19th year of Woding's first year, Xinhai BC 1528- BC 15 10.
In the twelfth year of Xinsi in the first year of Taijia, Renchen B.C.1540-B.C.1529.
In the first year of Renzhong, Ding Chou lived in Chen Geng for four years BC 1544- BC 154 1 year.
B.c1546—B. Foreign exchange in the first year C 1545.
In the eighteenth year of Shang Tang and the twenty-ninth year of Guihai, Jiaxu BC 1558- BC 1547.
From the 18th year of Guihai in Shang Tang (BC 1558) to the 52nd year of Shang and Zhou Dynasties (BC 105 1 year), the Yin and Shang Dynasties counted 508 years.
Some supplements about the Yin and Shang Dynasties;
1. If the year of Shang Dynasty is counted from B.C 1575 in the first year of Shang Tang, the cumulative number of years of Yin Shang Dynasty is 525 years, which is not appropriate.
2. The number of years that Pan Geng moved from Yin to Xin.
Chronicle of Ancient Bamboo Books and Notes in Parentheses say: "From Pan Geng to Yin, to the end of the Zhou Dynasty, in 772, we will not move to the capital."
Historical records? "Justice of Yin Benji" quoted the bamboo calendar as saying: "It took 272 years to migrate from Pan Geng to the demise of Yin, not to mention moving the capital."
The year of Pan Geng 14 is B.C.1302, which is the 52nd year, and B.C.1051,which is actually 252nd year, which is a mistake. There are mistakes in copying or printing the ancient Chinese prose "Five" and "Seven".
3. According to the Shang Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty destroyed the summer so much that it was taken over by the 29 th King at the age of 496. Wuyin is the fault of Gengyin. From Guihai to Gengyin, it was actually 508 years. Here, the chronology of this bamboo book is wrong, and it is about the fifty-two years of Zhou Tianzi. According to the text, it is Geng Yin, which should come from a mistake in copying and printing. When Geng Yin was mistaken for Wu Yin, the age was advanced by 12 years, which reduced the Yin and Shang Dynasties by 12 years. Therefore, the year of Yin Shang Dynasty was calculated with the wrong year of dry branch, so there was an error of 496 years.
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