A hydrogen industrial chain involves at least the following links: fuel cell system, stack, electrode, proton exchange membrane, catalyst, air compressor, hydrogen storage bottle, fuel cell vehicle and hydrogen refueling station.
How can the average investor have such a large amount of funds to cover it comprehensively? If we adopt the method of "every company buys a little", even if we buy bull stocks, the actual income is not high because of the scattered funds. It is better to buy an industry index fund.
So, you'd better concentrate. Give priority to:
Batteries and stacks-the core components of hydrogen energy;
Exchange membrane and catalyst-the company is small in scale, and a little technological innovation means great changes in the industry;
Hydrogen station-no analysis!
Because hydrogen energy is safe, efficient, renewable, clean and low-carbon, the world will eventually move towards the era dominated by hydrogen energy.
For China, on the one hand, the development of hydrogen energy can enrich the green and low-carbon energy system and help solve the problem of the absorption of new energy sources such as wind energy, light energy and nuclear energy; On the other hand, it can be used as an excellent way to clean coal utilization and promote the clean transformation and substitution of fossil energy, which is particularly practical for China, a big coal country.
"Hydrogen is widely used. In the field of petrochemical industry, it is one of the most used chemical raw materials, which can be used in synthetic ammonia, methanol synthesis, petroleum refining and so on. ; In the field of transportation, with the acceleration of the upgrading of oil quality in China, most refineries use full hydrogenation to make oil; New energy vehicles are ready to go, and the demand for hydrogen fuel is growing steadily. "
"In addition, the application of hydrogen energy in agriculture, health care and other fields is becoming more and more extensive and in-depth." Jing, deputy director of the Information Department of China International Economic Exchange Center, said that with the progress of the times, there will be more and more application scenarios of hydrogen, the demand for hydrogen is increasing, and the gap in the use of hydrogen is gradually increasing.
It is urgent to realize large-scale hydrogen production, so which hydrogen production path is worthy of great responsibility? Generally speaking, industrialized hydrogen production routes mainly include water electrolysis hydrogen production, coal gasification hydrogen production, natural gas hydrogen production, biomass gasification hydrogen production, renewable energy hydrogen production and so on.
Based on the present situation of energy endowment and utilization in China, hydrogen production from coal gasification and renewable energy have broad prospects. Among them, hydrogen production from coal gasification is the most popular.
Hydrogen energy is the most efficient, environmentally friendly and lasting new energy that the whole world is trying to develop. Compared with electric vehicles, electric vehicles have obvious advantages. Although they save oil resources and waste batteries cause great damage to the environment, hydrogen energy is truly zero pollution. Premier Li Keqiang paid a special visit to Toyota Company in Japan last year, which shows that the highest level of the country attached great importance to this new energy, and this year he wrote it into the government work report, insisting on optimistic about the future of the industry. It is expected that industrial capital will enter the industry on a large scale in five to ten years.
The first answer: At present, hydrogen can be widely used in the transportation field, especially in hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Besides cars, hydrogen energy is also used in many modes of transportation. As an important form of secondary energy, hydrogen energy has many applications in energy storage, emergency power supply, distributed energy supply and other fields.
Looking at the transportation field first, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is actually a very broad concept. In addition to passenger cars, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles also include buses/buses, logistics vehicles, forklifts and heavy trucks. At present, about 30,000 passenger cars are widely used abroad. In China, buses/buses and logistics vehicles are selected as pre-promotion vehicles. First, because their driving routes and ranges are relatively fixed, it is beneficial to the construction planning of hydrogen refueling stations. Second, because the vehicle space is larger than that of passenger cars, the technical difficulty is reduced, which is conducive to China's technological start. By the end of 20 19, the number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in China is about 6000, which is a hydrogen refueling station.
Hydrogen forklift is a bright spot of hydrogen energy in the transportation field. At present, its application abroad has exceeded 25,000 vehicles. Compared with lithium battery forklift, hydrogen forklift has the advantages of long refueling time, smaller space occupation, lighter weight, longer battery life and good matching with forklift working conditions.
After talking about the application of hydrogen energy in the field of transportation, let's introduce the application of hydrogen energy in other transportation fields, such as hydrogen fuel cell trains, hydrogen energy ships, hydrogen energy planes and so on.
The hydrogen fuel cell train was first developed by an American company in 2002. It is driven by a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with a net power of 17 kW. Subsequently, Japan, Germany, Spain and other countries launched prototype cars, which promoted industrial development. In 20 16, Alstom Company of France successfully developed Coradia Lint, a hydrogen train, on the basis of the internal combustion train Coradia Lint 54. In 20 18, it was officially put into commercial operation in Germany, which is also the first hydrogen train in the world. The tram demonstration line in Gaoming District, Foshan City is the first line using hydrogen fuel cells in China, and it has achieved demonstration operation at present.
Hydrogen energy ships have many applications in the world. The inland river cruise ship "Alsterwasser" was built in 2009, with a total length of 25.5m, a total width of 5.36m, a draft of 1.33m, a maximum speed of 8kn and a passenger capacity of over 100. Equipped with two 50kWPEMFC fuel cells and 120Ah colloidal lead-acid batteries. The EU-funded Metap project is based on Wasilan (W? rtsil？ As the auxiliary power and propulsion power of the ship, the ro-ro ship used in the project was built in 2003. From July, 2065438 to July, 2007, the hydrogen fuel cell ship "EnergyObserver", which was transformed from a catamaran luxury rowing boat "FormuleTag" and completely driven by renewable energy, was put into sailing. The ship has a total length of 30.5m, a total width of 12.8m and a total weight of 28 t. It is a hybrid power system composed of solar photovoltaic, wind energy and fuel cells, and is propelled by a propulsion/power generation integrated motor.
Hydrogen-powered aircraft is another important application of hydrogen energy in transportation field. Hydrogen powered aircraft can effectively solve the current aviation fuel pollution and carbon emission problems. There are currently two technical routes. One is to directly burn hydrogen as fuel, which is similar to the current aircraft system with little change; Another technical route is similar to fuel cell vehicles. First, the hydrogen fuel cell system is used to generate electricity, and then electric power is used to drive the aircraft engine to do work and promote flight. In June 5438+this year 10, a modified Piper M-class six-seat aircraft took off from the company's R&D research institute in Cranfield, England, completed the full-mode circular flight and landed successfully. ZeroAvia called this plane the largest hydrogen-powered aircraft in the world at present.
The above are the main applications of hydrogen energy in the transportation field. It can be seen that hydrogen energy plays an important role in many fields, not only in the automobile field.
On the other hand, hydrogen is a kind of secondary energy with high energy density and has the function of energy storage. Compared with conventional chemical energy storage, it can store energy across days, weeks, even months and quarters, thus realizing the matching between the production end and the consumption end of energy. Using the energy characteristics of hydrogen energy, hydrogen energy also plays an important role in energy storage, emergency power supply, distributed energy supply and other fields.
Just a few days ago, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) released the road map of energy storage challenge, which is the first comprehensive strategy on energy storage released by the United States. As an important energy storage technology, hydrogen energy storage has been mentioned. There are two main forms: two-way conversion of electricity and hydrogen and salt cavern energy storage, among which two-way conversion of electricity and hydrogen is the main utilization mode.
In the field of emergency power supply and distributed energy supply, hydrogen energy also has many applications. Recently, the world's first megawatt large gas-fired power generation system began field testing at the cogeneration plant in Hamburg, Germany. The most attractive feature of this technology is that the existing units can be converted to run with 100% hydrogen to provide heat for 30 residential buildings, a sports center, a day care center and a park leisure complex, and the generated electricity can be used to charge electric vehicles and local power grids. Ofgem, a British energy regulator, recently announced that it will provide financial support of $24,654,380+200,000 for a hydrogen production and heating project in Scotland. This is the "approval" of the project by the British regulatory authorities after obtaining the support of the Scottish government.
To sum up, hydrogen energy is not only used in the automobile field, but also plays an important role in other fields of transportation. At the same time, its energy characteristics have also made many applications in the fields of energy storage and distributed energy supply. Under the trend of low-carbon emission and carbon neutrality in the future, hydrogen energy will play more roles.
Industrial chain, I feel that I am just an armchair strategist. But I can talk about my views and opinions: the strategic commanding heights of hydrogen energy are put forward by the state. Including the Prime Minister. Visible has risen to the national level. At present, the environmental improvement is weak, and hydrogen as a clean energy will gradually enter the historical stage. As a combustion energy source, hydrogen is of course a power system. Therefore, the first layout should be the direction of automobiles: engines and supporting industries. If you want to get through the industry, you should focus on this point, like upstream and downstream extension. And future power plants and heating companies.
Of course, the best choice at present is to cooperate with the research team of hydrogen energy, and the core value is the most important.