1945 After the end of World War II, China, France, the Soviet Union, Britain, the United States and most signatory countries signed the Charter of the United Nations, stipulating that the international organization of the United Nations was formally established on June 24, 1945. Since then, 65438+1October 24th has become the United Nations Day.
Respondent: Han Jian 77- Tong Sheng Level 1 3-20 23:37
Other answers *** 6
The United Nations was founded on 1945 1 October 24th, and 51countries promised to maintain peace through international cooperation and collective security. Today, almost every country in the world has joined the United Nations. The United Nations has 19 1 Member States.
When a country becomes a member of the United Nations, it agrees to accept the obligations of the Charter of the United Nations. The Charter of the United Nations is an international treaty, which stipulates the basic principles of international relations. According to the Charter, the four purposes of the United Nations are: maintaining international peace and security; Developing friendly relations between countries; Cooperate to solve international problems and enhance respect for human rights; Become a center for coordinating the actions of all countries.
The United Nations is not a world government and does not make laws. However, the United Nations has provided solutions to help resolve international conflicts and formulated policies on issues that affect us all. At the United Nations, all Member States, big or small, rich or poor, regardless of their political views and social systems, have the right to speak and vote in this process.
The United Nations has six main bodies. Among them, the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Trusteeship Council and the Secretariat are located at United Nations Headquarters in new york. The sixth major institution is the International Court of Justice in The Hague, the Netherlands.
United Nations assembly
All States Members of the United Nations were represented at the meeting. The General Assembly is a "world parliament" that meets to consider the most pressing issues in the world. Each member country has one vote. Key issues such as the maintenance of international peace and security, the admission of new Members and the formulation of the United Nations budget are decided by a two-thirds majority. Other matters are decided by a simple majority. In recent years, the General Assembly has made special efforts to take decisions by consensus rather than by formal vote.
At its meeting in 200012002, the General Assembly considered 180 different topics, including globalization, AIDS, conflicts in Africa, environmental protection and strengthening new democratic institutions. The General Assembly cannot force any country to take action, but its recommendations are an important voice of world public opinion and represent the moral authority of the international community.
The General Assembly holds regular sessions from September to June+February every year, resumes when necessary, or holds special or emergency meetings on issues of special concern. When the General Assembly is not in session, its work is carried out by the six Main Committees, other subsidiary bodies and the United Nations Secretariat.
Security Council (of the United Nations)
The Charter of the United Nations entrusts the Security Council with the primary responsibility of maintaining international peace and security. Whenever peace is threatened, the Security Council can meet at any time. All Member States have an obligation to implement the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the provisions of the Charter.
The Security Council has 15 members. China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States are permanent members. The other 10 members are elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years. In recent years, Member States are discussing the issue of changing the membership of the Security Council and are committed to reflecting the current political and economic realities.
The Committee needs nine affirmative votes to make a decision. Except for voting on procedural issues, as long as any permanent member votes against it (veto), the Security Council cannot make a decision.
When considering issues that threaten international peace, the Security Council first explores ways to settle disputes peacefully. The Council may propose settlement principles or conduct mediation. In the case of fighting, the Security Council strives for a ceasefire. The Security Council can send peacekeeping missions to help the parties maintain a truce and isolate hostile forces.
The Council can take measures to enforce its decisions. The Security Council can impose economic sanctions or order an arms embargo. In rare cases, the Security Council authorized Member States to use "all necessary means", including collective military action, to implement its decisions.
The Council also made recommendations to the General Assembly on the selection of the Secretary-General and the admission of new Members of the United Nations.
Economic and Social Council of the United Nations
Under the overall leadership of the General Assembly, the Economic and Social Council coordinates the economic and social work of the United Nations and the organizations of the United Nations system. As a central forum for discussing international economic and social issues and formulating policy recommendations, the Economic and Social Council plays a key role in strengthening international development cooperation. The Economic and Social Council also held consultations with non-governmental organizations in order to maintain important links between the United Nations and civil society.
The Economic and Social Council has 54 members elected by the General Assembly for a term of three years. The Economic and Social Council meets all year round and holds major meetings in July every year, including special ministerial meetings to discuss major economic, social and humanitarian issues.
The subsidiary bodies of the Economic and Social Council meet regularly and report to the Council. For example, the Commission on Human Rights monitors the respect for human rights all over the world. Other institutions focus on social development, the status of women, crime prevention, narcotic drugs, environmental protection and other issues. The five regional commissions are responsible for promoting economic development and cooperation in their respective regions.
Trust and investment Council
The Trusteeship Council was established to conduct international supervision over the 65,438+065,438+0 Trust Territory administered by seven Member States and to ensure that appropriate steps were taken to prepare for the autonomy or independence of the Trust Territory. By 1994, all the trust territories had achieved autonomy or independence, some became independent countries, and some joined neighboring independent countries. The last country to achieve self-government is Palau, which is a trust territory of the Pacific Islands administered by the United States and became the185th Member of the United Nations.
The Trusteeship Council is now composed of the five permanent members of the Security Council. As its work has been basically completed, the Trusteeship Council has revised its rules of procedure to enable it to meet when necessary.
ICJ
The International Court of Justice (also known as the World Court) is the main judicial organ of the United Nations. It consists of 15 judges jointly elected by the General Assembly and the Security Council, and is responsible for adjudicating disputes between countries. The state voluntarily participates in the litigation, but if it agrees to participate, it is obliged to abide by the court's ruling. The Court also provides advice to the General Assembly and the Security Council upon request.
secretariat
The Secretariat carries out the substantive and administrative work of the United Nations in accordance with the instructions of the General Assembly, the Security Council and other organs. The head of the Secretariat is the Secretary-General, who is responsible for providing overall administrative guidance.
At present, there are several departments and offices in the Secretariat, and the staff in the regular budget is about seven.
500 people, which is similar to the number of staff with special funds. The staff come from 170 countries. Duty stations include United Nations Headquarters in new york and United Nations offices in Geneva, Vienna, Nairobi and other locations.
United Nations system
The International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and other independent organizations called "specialized agencies" maintain contact with the United Nations under cooperation agreements. The World Health Organization and the International Civil Aviation Organization also belong to such institutions. These institutions are autonomous institutions established by intergovernmental agreements. These institutions have a wide range of international responsibilities in the economic, social, cultural, educational, health and related fields. Some of these institutions, such as the International Labour Organization and the Universal Postal Union, were established before the United Nations.
In addition, some United Nations offices, programmes and funds, such as the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) or the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), are responsible for improving the economic and social conditions of people all over the world. These bodies are accountable to the General Assembly or the Economic and Social Council.
All the above organizations have their own governing bodies, budgets and secretariats. Together with the United Nations, these organizations are collectively referred to as the United Nations family, or the United Nations system. Together, they provide technical assistance and other forms of practical assistance. It covers almost all economic and social fields.
The United Nations is the most important universal intergovernmental international organization in today's world, the epitome of contemporary international society and the barometer of contemporary international relations. It has a very important influence and function on the development and change of the international political and economic structure and the gradual establishment of a new order.