Symmetry between fixed funds and "liquidity" Refers to the funds prepaid by socialist enterprises on labor means. Fixed assets are physical forms, such as factories and machines, which generally have a long service life and remain unchanged until they are scrapped and updated. The value of fixed assets is included in the product cost through depreciation according to its loss, and accumulated in monetary form to form a depreciation fund. Since 1985, most of China's depreciation funds have been kept by enterprises for renewal and transformation, and a few have been transferred to the competent departments of enterprises for centralized adjustment and use. When the fixed assets need to be updated, the depreciation fund will be restored from the monetary form to the physical form and start another cycle again. In this way, the depreciation fund before the renewal of fixed assets can be temporarily idle and deposited in the national bank as one of the sources of funds for the national bank to participate in the turnover of credit funds.

At the same time, with the development of new technological revolution and the improvement of the efficiency of machinery and equipment, this trend can be delayed.

With the improvement of labor technology and equipment, it is increasingly important to save fixed funds and improve the utilization effect of fixed funds. The saving of fixed funds means that more workers can be equipped, more raw materials can be processed and more products can be produced with the same fixed funds. The utilization degree of fixed funds can be expressed by the output of unit machinery and equipment, such as how much pig iron is produced per cubic meter of blast furnace; It can also be expressed in terms of unit fixed capital output value or profit. The main ways to improve the effect of fixed funds are: increasing the proportion of machinery and equipment in fixed funds; Strengthen the maintenance and renovation of equipment, improve the intact rate of equipment, and maintain the advanced nature of equipment; Pay attention to the proportion of various material elements of fixed funds, so that they can match each other and all parts can play a role; Dispose of unused dull equipment in time; Appropriately increase the number of shifts and improve the shift change rate; Adopt advanced technical equipment and new technological methods; Implement the system of paid possession of fixed funds and so on.

Fixed capital is originally a form of production capital, but it is used to refer to some durable goods in non-production fields, such as houses, school buildings, government agencies, cinemas and so on. As unproductive fixed capital, because those things are also used for a long time and keep their original material form. In essence, the funds occupied by these buildings are not fixed funds in the original sense, but durable consumption funds.

Intrinsic characteristics

Fixed funds are mainly composed of the following elements: working machinery, power equipment, transmission and transportation equipment, control and detection means, etc. Factory buildings, water towers, roads, bridges, tunnels, dams and other buildings. Maintain the advanced nature of equipment; Pay attention to the proportion of various material elements of fixed funds and improve the intact rate of equipment in agriculture, including livestock and perennial trees as labor means. In different production departments or different enterprises in the same production department, due to the different labor objects, labor means and technological processes, it can be expressed by the output of unit machinery and equipment. The composition of fixed funds varies greatly, and the utilization degree of fixed funds such as oil exploitation department, coal department and hydropower station accounts for a large proportion of construction costs; In the machinery manufacturing and textile industries, the cost of machinery and equipment accounts for a relatively large proportion.