Before Andrew Carnegie died in 1919, he was the chairman and president himself. It goes without saying that his personal intention played a leading role at this stage. At the beginning, most of the funds were allocated to continue the projects that have been carried out before and the various institutions that have been established above. However, in his first letter to the board of directors, Carnegie specifically stated that due to the ever-changing world, he specially authorized the board of directors to change the policies and paths of the foundation according to his own judgment. In fact, in the long years to come, the work of the Foundation is indeed characterized by constantly studying the new situation and putting forward new work priorities. Several presidents who have served for a long time have a great influence on the work direction of the foundation: Federickp. Keppel (1923-1941), Gardner (John W. Gardner, 1948-1955), Piefer (Alan Pifer, 1965-1982) and Hamburg (David Hamburg, 1982-1982).