Ningxia was named after pacifying Xixia. In A.D. 1227, after the Yuan Dynasty destroyed Xixia, it was renamed "Ningxia", which meant to pacify Xixia, stabilize Xixia and make Xixia "peaceful".

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region has a long history. Stone tools, bones and fire traces unearthed from Shuidonggou Paleolithic Cultural Site in lingwu city show that there were human activities in Ningxia as early as 30,000 years ago, and they created the Shuidonggou Culture in the late Paleolithic period. After liberation, many sites of "microlithic culture", "Majiayao culture" and "Qijia culture" were discovered in Ningxia. These sites show that from 67,000 to 34,000 years ago, the "residents" in the north and south of Ningxia had entered the patriarchal clan society from the matriarchal clan society and began to engage in animal husbandry and agricultural production, and had close ties with the Central Plains. There were nomadic tribes in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, called Hu (Northern Emperor) and Qiang (Xirong), and later called Ghost Rong (Xun Yu and Hunzhou). When I was in Zhou Xuanwang, I did a household survey in Taiyuan (now Guyuan area). The survey showed that Taiyuan not only has a large population, but also has an administrative system. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the southern part of Guyuan belonged to the Qin Dynasty, and the remaining areas were inhabited by Yi Qurong, Yan and other tribes.

In 22 1 year BC, after Qin annexed six countries, the central government was established, and Ningxia belonged to Beidi County.

At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, Helian Bobo, the Xiongnu, established local political power in 407-43 1, with its capital in Tongcheng (now Jingbian County, Shaanxi Province), which governed Ningxia.

In the Tang Dynasty, the whole country was divided into ten roads, and Ningxia belonged to Guannei Road. In the Tang Dynasty, the Taishou Prefecture and the Shuofang Provincial Government were established in Lingzhou (now southwest of lingwu city). During the Anshi Rebellion, Tang Suzong ascended the throne in Lingwu in 756.

In A.D. 1038, Li Yuanhao, the leader of the Tangut, established the Daxia Kingdom with Ningxia as the center, and named it Daxia (known as Xixia in history because it was located in the west of the Song Dynasty). Xingqing House (now Yinchuan City) has its capital, with a territory of "Yellow River in the east, Yumen in the west, Xiaoguan in the south and desert in the north" and "more than 20,000 square miles", which forms a tripartite confrontation with the Song, Liao and Jin regimes.

After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed Xixia, it set up Ningxia Fu Road and began to move into Hui people.

In the Ming Dynasty, Ningxia Wei was established, and a large number of Hui people were placed in Lingzhou and Guyuan areas as "garrison households".

Jianning Xiafu in Qing Dynasty. During the Qianlong period, a major earthquake occurred in Yinchuan, and the original site was seriously damaged. Emperor Qianlong allocated huge sums of money to rebuild his homeland and built a new city in the suburbs, which was called the new city. After Qianlong, "Ningxia is more than 1000 miles away from Pingliang, and I know everything about returning to Zhuang", and it has become the largest Hui community in China. In the early years of the Republic of China, Shuofang Road was established, and 1929 was changed to Ningxia Province, which governs the existing cities and counties in Inner Mongolia except Guyuan, Alashan Zuo Qi, Alashan Right Banner, Ejina Banner and Dengkou County.

1September 23, 949, Ningxia was liberated, and the original name of Ningxia Province was still used. Its jurisdiction is the same as that of the Republic of China. 1954, Ningxia Province was abolished, Alashan Zuo Qi, Alashan Right Banner, Ejina Banner and Dengkou County were placed under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the rest areas were merged into Gansu Province. 1958, 10 year 10 25th, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established, which governs Yinchuan, Wuzhong Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xihaigu Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Jingyuan and Longde counties in Gansu Province. From 65438 to 0969, five communes in Alashan Zuo Qi and Alashan Right Banner of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region merged into Ningxia. 1979, these areas were transferred back to Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was founded in 1958. Located in the north of the central part of the motherland, it covers an area of only 66,400 square kilometers and has a population of nearly 4 million. It is the smallest member of the big family of the motherland. But it was on this land that the "Great Summer Country", one of the "Five Lakes and Sixteen Countries", was established as early as the fifth century. 1 1 century, Tangut and Li Yuanhao established the "Xixia Kingdom" here. Although Ningxia covers two-thirds of the country,

Loess Plateau and desert areas, but Yinchuan Plain has unique geographical conditions. The natural barrier of Helan Mountain blocks the Gobi sandstorm and cold air flow; The ancient Qinqu, Hanqu and Tanglai canals are endless, and the Yellow River feeds thousands of miles of fertile fields on the frontier from south to north, becoming a place where cattle and sheep flock and rice is cultivated in Man Cang. People say that "Ningxia is the best place in Huang Hefu", which is true. There is a folk song in Ningxia: "Ningxia Chuan, with two sharp ends, is adjacent to the Yellow River in the east, Helan Mountain in the west, Jinchuan Yinchuan Miliangchuan ..."

Rich Hui customs:

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is the hometown of Hui nationality in China, with a population of 6.5438+0.52 million. Hui people believe in Islam, and their religious customs have unique charm and style. Muslims here are very religious. They worship every day, rain or shine, and there are three major festivals every year: Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha and Holy Day. Hui wedding, Hui people's songs and dances, and various snacks all show colorful Muslim customs.

The mysterious Xixia dynasty:

In the long history of 5,000 years in China, the Xixia Dynasty once created brilliant achievements and splendid culture, but there was no historical record, so that the rise and fall of Xixia left most mysteries to the world. Investigating Xigeng site, Xixia Mausoleum, many cultural relics and Xixia characters may uncover this little-known historical veil.

Let me introduce you to the tourist attractions in Ningxia:

Xixia tomb:

National scenic spots. Located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain, 30 kilometers west of Yinchuan, it is the mausoleum site of Emperor Xixia. Mausoleum covers an area of more than 50 square kilometers, with 9 emperors' tombs and more than 200 tombs with princes and princes buried. The mausoleum is tall and majestic, and it is called the "Pyramid of China".

Hu Sha:

Located 56 kilometers north of Yinchuan, it is one of the 35 ace tourist attractions in China. Ten thousand mu of lake water is covered with reeds, fish and birds flock, and thirty thousand mu of desert lies by the lake. Sand and lakes are intertwined, which has both the beauty of the south of the Yangtze River and the magnificence of the Great Wall. Bird watching in Husha Lake has been included in the special eco-tourism project in China.

Western film and television city:

Zhenbeibao, 30 kilometers west of Yinchuan City. Originally a garrison castle in the Ming Dynasty, it was processed by the famous writer Zhang Xianliang and became a film and television base with the scenery in western China as the background. The cinema is full of magic. Although it has the least artificial carving, it produces the most movies and has the most rising stars. Become a cultural leisure place with rich cultural connotations.

Shapotou:

Located in Zhongwei County, Ningxia. It is not only famous for its sand control project, but also desirable because of the magnificent scenery on both sides of the Yellow River. Listening to the bells of Shapotou, drifting in the Yellow River on a sheepskin raft, visiting the ancient waterwheel of the Yellow River and exploring the Tengger Desert by camel are the most distinctive tourism projects in Ningxia.

Liupanshan:

Liupan Mountain, located in the south of Ningxia, is known as the "Green Island on the Loess Plateau" because of its lush plants and beautiful scenery. The giant Buddha in Xumishan confirmed the prosperity of the ancient Silk Road, and the inscription on Liupan Mountain in Qingpingle tells the story of the Red Army hero crossing Xiongguan. Old Longtan, Er'long River, Lotus Garden, Liangdian Gorge and the Gate of Hell in Jingheyuan Scenic Area.

Jinchuan tourist area:

Located on the Yellow River/0/3 km east of Yinchuan. There are Shuidonggou ancient human cultural sites dating back 30,000 years, the ancient ferry crossing the Yellow River by Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, and hublot, a film and television base that filmed the historical drama He of Xixia. There are also scenic spots such as the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty, Han Nationality and Kanluoji.

Qingtongxia tourist area:

Located in the Yellow River Dam in Qingtongxia City, Ningxia. The world is Ningxia, Huang Hefu, where visitors can enjoy the developed water conservancy projects, beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River and rich customs of returning home. Qingtongxia 108 towers are numerous and unique in shape, which is the only large tower group in the ancient tower buildings in China.

Rock paintings of Helan Mountain:

Before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the northern nomadic people and the rock paintings of Xixia period were distributed in the foothills of Helan Mountain. Tens of thousands of rock paintings mostly reflect the living customs, religious concepts, wars, grazing and hunting activities of ethnic minorities. There are Xixia characters with simple carving, rough lines, simple composition and vivid images. They are artistic paintings created by ancient nomadic people.

In a word, Ningxia is the nearest non-tourist hotspot city, with typical western scenery and relatively low tourism consumption, even if you eat a big meal every day, it won't cost much. 1999 When I went there, I basically tasted all kinds of local flavors, and every meal was around 150 (8 people). Chartered cars are also very cheap: 70-80 kilometers probably can't surpass 60 yuan, and the farthest trip to 230 yuan/car (more than 300 kilometers) is sent back to Shapotou. The local flavor is basically mutton, one of which is mutton sticks that are not available in Beijing. When 8 yuan comes up, it's a mutton elbow, which is more than a catty. It's very affordable, and sheep can't be eaten! Native products are the four famous treasures in Ningxia: Helan stone, Lycium barbarum, Nostoc flagelliforme and beach sheepskin. Have a look when you are free!