Huang Kun (1919.9.2-July 6, 2005) is a solid-state physicist and a semiconductor physicist. Jiaxing, Zhejiang, was born in Beijing. 194 1 graduated from yenching university. 1948 won Huang Kun from Bristol, England.

Ph.D. from Seoul National University. 1955 was elected as a member of China Academy of Sciences. 1980 was elected as a foreign academician of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden University. 1985 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. Researcher and honorary director of Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is an internationally renowned Chinese physicist and educator, a pioneer of solid state physics in China and the founder of semiconductor technology in China. Mainly engaged in solid state physics theory and semiconductor physics research, and achieved many international achievements. He is one of the pioneers of semiconductor physics research in China. In 1950s, he and his collaborators first put forward the quantum theory of multi-phonon radiation and non-radiation transition, namely "Huang-Pecard theory". Firstly, the coupled vibration mode of phonons and electromagnetic waves in crystals and the related basic equations (called yellow equations) are proposed. In the 1940s, the theory of X-ray diffuse scattering (called yellow scattering) caused by impurity defects in solids was put forward for the first time. The equivalence between adiabatic approximation without radiation transition and static coupling theory is proved, and some basic problems in this regard are clarified. Won the highest national science and technology award 200 1.

character introduction

Huang Kun (1965438+2 September 2009-6 July 2005). Internationally renowned Chinese physicist and educator, pioneer of solid state physics in China and founder of semiconductor technology in China. Huang Kun, 19 19 was born in Beijing in September,194/kloc-0 graduated from yenching university in June, 1944 graduated from Peking University College of Science in The National SouthWest Associated University with a master's degree, and 1947 received a master's degree from Bristol, England. After receiving his doctorate, Huang Kun worked in the Department of Physics of Edinburgh University and the Department of Theoretical Physics of Liverpool University. 195 1 year, Huang Kun returned to Peking University as a professor of physics. After 1977, he became the director of the Institute of Semiconductors of Chinese Academy of Sciences until his retirement. In his early years, Huang Kun engaged in research work with Professor Born, a famous physicist and Nobel Prize winner, and co-authored the book Lattice Dynamics, which enjoys a high reputation in the field of solid state physics. From 65438 to 0956, when Huang Kun was a professor in the Physics Department of Peking University, he co-founded the first semiconductor physics major in China and trained the first batch of information industry talents for China. While teaching at Peking University, Huang Kun presided over the establishment of the undergraduate teaching system and compiled the textbook of Solid State Physics, which enjoyed a high reputation. 1977, at the request of Deng Xiaoping, Huang Kun became the director of the Institute of Semiconductors of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In 200 1 year, Huang Kun and his Peking University alumnus Wang Xuan won the highest national science and technology award of that year. On July 6th, 2005, 16: 08, Huang Kun died in Beijing at the age of 86. Huang Kun's major honors include 1955, the first batch of academicians of China Academy of Sciences (now China Academy of Sciences), the highest national science and technology award of 5438+0 in 2006, a foreign academician of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences, a winner of the May 1 National Labor Medal, and 1995, a winner of the scientific and technological achievement award of the Heliang Lihao Foundation. Huang Kun is also a member of the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th sessions of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Huang Kun, producer of China, party member of the Jiu San Society of the Party.

Huang Kun's life

Huang Kun's life is closely linked with the Nobel Prize winner. From Bristol University to Edinburgh University, to Liverpool University, from Nobel Prize winner Professor Mott to Professor Born, Huang Kun's first "golden age" has arrived. Born, a master of physics, the founder of quantum mechanics and the pioneer of the theory of crystal atomic motion system. As early as the Second World War, Born planned to learn from young Huang Kun in quantum science.

Based on the most general principle, I wrote a monograph on lattice dynamics, but because I was busy with other things after the war and got old, this matter was temporarily put on hold. In mid-May, 1947, Huang Kun came to Professor Born of Edinburgh University to work for a short time. At work, Born found that Huang Kun was very familiar with this subject and had profound insights, so he gave Huang Kun the task of completing the monograph Lattice Dynamics with quantum mechanics, and at the same time gave him some incomplete old manuscripts of Born ... Huang Kun started with 1948. In four years, we not only systematically summarized the most basic field of solid state physics with rigorous exposition and very clear physical images, but also developed and perfected this field with a series of creative work. "For a while, I had an argument with Professor Born ..." No one expected that what Huang Kun wrote was confirmed by experiments after the laser was discovered in 1960. Thus, he established his authoritative position in the field of solid state physics. Nobel Prize winner Born also gave a thumbs-up sign. In his letter to Einstein, he said: "The content of the manuscript has now completely surpassed my theory ..."

Huang Kun was chosen as the top ten people who moved China in 2002.

Awarding speech: He has been searching for the true meaning in the scientific world all his life, silently passing on the fire of knowledge all his life, and he is indifferent to fame and fortune. He not only made outstanding contributions to the progress of mankind in the field of science with a rigorous and diligent scientific attitude, but also interpreted the personality essence of a scientist with an indifferent attitude towards fame and fortune and an honest attitude towards life.

From Mengyang Garden to yenching university

Huang Kun, 19 19 was born in Beijing on September 2, and his ancestral home was Jiaxing, Zhejiang. My father is a senior employee of China Bank. Mother He, a native of Hunan, graduated from Beijing Women's Normal University and also works in a bank. Huang Kun is the youngest child in the family. His sister's name is Huang Xuan, his brother's name is Yan Huang, and his second brother's name is Huang Wan (a famous cardiologist in China). The four brothers and sisters are one year apart in turn, and they are affectionate and influence each other. Their names are all taken from the place names of Beijing. Huang Kun's Kun comes from Kunming Lake, Huangwan's Wan comes from Wanping Ancient City, Huangyan's Yan comes from Yanshan Mountain, and Huangxuan's Xuan comes from Xuanwu. The family's high cultural accomplishment and unrestrained atmosphere, especially the mother's seriousness, had a great influence on Huang Kun's growth as a teenager. Generally speaking, many famous scientists showed their talents in their youth and even childhood. But Huang Kun thinks he belongs to the type of mental retardation. When talking about the problem that primary and secondary school students are overloaded with schoolwork, Huang Kun takes personal experience as an example, and thinks that primary school learning need not be too demanding, but the foundation laid by middle school will affect a person's life. Huang Kun goes to school in Beijing Mengyang Garden, the primary school affiliated to Beijing Normal University, and Shanghai Guanghua Primary School (in an alley near Jing 'an Temple, where Huang Kun stayed for more than a year). He recalled that he didn't seem to learn much except that he would read early in primary school, often read novels and learn to add, subtract, multiply and divide. He still remembers that his best achievement in primary school was the fifth place in the Beijing Historical Geography Examination in Grade Three. The prize he brought back to his mother was a mimeographed lecture note from Beijing. To this end, he has always been proud of being able to skillfully name all the inner and outer gates of Beijing.

Lay a good foundation for middle school

Regarding the influence of middle school foundation on his life, Huang Kun has both positive and negative experiences. Huang Kun moved back to Beijing with his family before finishing the fifth grade at Guanghua Primary School in Shanghai. Huang Kun's uncle Huang Zitong was a professor of philosophy in yenching university at that time, and Huang Kun lived in his uncle's house and entered the junior high school affiliated to yenching university. He only studied here for half a year and then transferred to Luhe Middle School in Tongxian County. But this short half year has a long-term impact on Huang Kun's future development. Huang Kun's uncle happened to see that Huang Kun was free after class and asked him why. Huang Kun answered that the math homework assigned by the teacher had been finished. His uncle said, that's no good. You have to do all the questions in the math textbook. Since then, Huang Kun has done so. Since then, he has been learning mathematics well and has developed a strong interest. After transferring to Liuhe Middle School, this habit not only continued, but also promoted the study of other subjects. Huang Kun later recalled that the accident had a far-reaching impact. Because he was busy with his own problems after class, he seldom read the examples in the book, which led to his failure to cultivate the habit of "painting a tiger according to a cat".

Key points of scholarship

An important feature of Huang Kun's scholarship is "proceeding from the first principle", which may have been formed in middle school. The predecessor of Luhe Middle School can be traced back to Tongzhou Boys School founded by an American pastor in 1867. 1889 Performance of Huang Kun's Works.

It became Liuhe Academy, including primary schools, middle schools, universities and seminaries. Later, it was renamed concord college and North China Union University. 19 18, North China Union Medical College merged with Huiwen University to form yenching university, while the affiliated middle school of Union remained in the original site of Tongzhou, named Luhe Middle School. Although Luhe Middle School is a missionary school, after 1927, Chinese was appointed as the principal and the required course of Bible was cancelled. The motto of Luhe Middle School is "Personality Education". Huang Kun is an excellent student in his studies. Except for Chinese, his total score in high school for three years has always been the first in the whole grade. Huang Kun's three brothers are all studying in Liuhe Middle School. Because his eldest brother dropped out of school for two years and was in the same class with him, his math score was only about 30 points. Driven by Huang Kun, Huang Yan's math scores quickly exceeded the passing line. Luhe Middle School has a general meeting every week. Brother Huang San was praised by the headmaster at the school meeting, wearing his own cloth shoes. Huang Kun himself thinks that the negative lesson of his middle school days is that he didn't learn Chinese well in middle school. Like most middle school boys, Huang Kun thinks that the composition questions written by the teacher are either answered in one sentence or there is nothing to say. Later, Huang Kun reviewed his career and thought that the consequences affected his life. For example, 1936, Huang Kun graduated from Luhe Middle School and planned to study engineering. He applied to Tsinghua University and Beiyang Institute of Technology, but was not admitted because of his poor Chinese performance. Huang Kun wrote in "Life Story": "I took the then' boxer indemnity' exam to study in the United States and Britain at 1944. I didn't pass the exam when I went to study in the United States. Later, I found that I only got 24 points in the Chinese exam through other people's scores. I only wrote three lines in the exam for studying in England, and then I couldn't write any more, so I had to hand it in. Later, I learned that I was admitted. This once surprised me. I will have the opportunity to see the scores of all candidates in the future. I didn't know that this China examiner obviously has a high eye and a measured score. Many candidates' Chinese scores are 40, and there is no lower score. I was one of them. Although there will be no Chinese exam in the future, Chinese is far from being as good as in the past. By the way, I haven't laid a good foundation in Chinese. Over the years, I have been burdened with various occasions in various periods (from early exams to later writing to speeches). In recent years, I have asked you to say something or write an inscription on many occasions, but it is difficult for the host to understand. This always reminds me that there is something wrong with the Chinese teacher in middle school and I feel embarrassed that I have nothing to say. "1937, Huang Kun passed Liuhe Middle School to take the walk test in yenching university and entered yenching university. According to his own advantages and interests, he chose physics as his major.

Many talented people get together.

After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, three famous universities in China, Tsinghua, Peking University and Nankai, moved to Kunming, Yunnan, and established the National Southwest Associated University in the spring of 1938. In the most difficult era of China people's War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, a large number of outstanding talents such as Yang Zhenning, Li Zhengdao, Huang Kun, Zhang Shoulian, Li, Huang, Deng Jiaxian and Zhu Guangya were trained. The most beautiful flower in the history of education in China. The Department of Physics of National The National SouthWest Associated University is small in scale, but it is full of talents, and many well-known professors with profound academic attainments teach here. At that time, "Tsinghua has leaves, Wu, Zhou Peiyuan, Wang Zhuxi and Huo Bingquan; There are Rao Yutai, Zhu Wuhua, Wu Dayou, Zheng Huachi and Ma Shijun in Peking University; There are Zhang Wenyu and Xu Zhenyang in Nankai. The math teacher of National Southwest Associated University was also the first choice in China at that time. Tsinghua has, Zheng,,, Hua, and Xu. Peking University has Jiang Zehan; There is Jiang Lifu in Nankai. In The National SouthWest Associated University, there is only one class in physics department every year, with about thirty or forty students. The living conditions are very difficult. At school, they all live in dormitories with mud walls and grass tops. 194 1 autumn, Huang Kun received his bachelor's degree in yenching university, and on the recommendation of Mr. Ge Tingyi, he came to National Southwest Associated University as a teaching assistant. From Beijing to Kunming, Huang Kun Road passes through Qingdao, Shanghai, Hongkong, Guilin and Guizhou, and it took more than two months on the road. When Rao Yutai, the dean of the department, first met Huang Kun, he told him that there were so many people here that there was no need for teaching assistants. You are here to delve into knowledge and do research. That's true. Huang Kun's teaching task is only to bring a general physics experiment once a week. Wu Dayou asked him to go to graduate school and be a teaching assistant, so that he could get some income. Because of Zhang Shoulian, Huang Kun soon met his classmates. The three of them have different ways of learning and thinking, but they are all extremely clever people. They attended classes with Wu Dayou and other teachers, and through after-class discussion, they deepened their understanding of personality and knowledge.