On October 16, 1950, the Nanjing Sanatorium was established directly at No. 14, Yaoguijing, Zhuque Road, Baixia District. In April 1953, it was moved to No. 33, Jinxianghe Road, Xuanwu District.

In August 1953, a 100-bed publicly funded medical sanatorium for cadres was established at No. 215 Guangzhou Road, Gulou District.

In April 1954, the number of beds was increased to 200.

In August 1954, the publicly funded sanatorium for medical cadres was abolished, Nanjing Health Hospital was established, and the directly affiliated sanatorium was merged into the health hospital.

In March 1956, the Nanjing Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Center was established, affiliated with the Health Care Hospital.

On April 15, 1958, the Health Care Hospital was expanded into Nanjing Tuberculosis Prevention and Treatment Hospital.

On August 27, 1982, it was restructured into Nanjing Chest Hospital and Nanjing Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Research Institute, with 400 beds, two brands, one institution, and one team.

In August 1988, the hospital party committee was established.

The dean's responsibility system is implemented, and the two-level responsibility system of the hospital and department is implemented.

In June 1994, the China Cancer Research Foundation Nanjing Thoracic Tumor Treatment Center, Nanjing Lung Lavage Center, and Nanjing Railway Medical College (now Southeast University School of Medicine) Teaching Hospital were established.

In the same year, the Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Association of the Cardiac Function Professional Committee of the Chinese Society of Medical Informatics was established in the hospital.

In July 2001, the tasks of tuberculosis prevention and epidemic control were assigned to the Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and staff from the Tuberculosis Prevention Department were subsequently transferred to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.

In October 2004, the hospital officially joined the Gulou Hospital Group.

In December 2005, the Cardiovascular Disease Center of Guyi Group was established in the hospital.

In 2008, the number of approved beds in the hospital increased from 400 to 500.