Annual sinking fund refers to the deposit reserve (equal to annuity A) that must be withdrawn in equal stages in order to pay off certain debts or accumulate certain funds (actually equal to the final value of annuity F) at the agreed future time.
Ordinary annuity, also known as "post-paid annuity", refers to an annuity with equal income and expenditure at the end of each period. This form of annuity is the most common in real economic life. The final value of ordinary annuity is like the sum of principal and interest of lump sum deposit and lump sum withdrawal, which is the sum of compound interest final value of equal income and expenditure at the end of each period in a certain period.
Annuity: if the income of each period of a series of cash flows is equal, such as monthly income 10000 yuan, it is called annuity.
Annuities can be divided into ordinary annuity, immediate annuity, deferred annuity and permanent annuity.
Ordinary annuity: An annuity with equal amount is collected and paid at the end of each period, which is also called deferred annuity. This kind of annuity is the most common in daily life.
Annuity in advance: An annuity that receives income at the beginning of each period, also called annuity in advance.
Deferred annuity: also known as deferred annuity, refers to a series of equal payments after several periods, rather than at the end of the first period. It is a special form of ordinary annuity.
Perpetual annuity: Also known as permanent annuity or indefinite annuity, it refers to an annuity that is received and paid in equal amount indefinitely, which can be regarded as a special form of ordinary annuity. For example, interest on interest-bearing deposits and interest on irregular interest-bearing bonds.
According to different standards, securities investment funds can be divided into different types:
(1) According to whether the fund unit can be increased or redeemed, it can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds. Open-end funds are not traded on the market (as the case may be), but are purchased and redeemed by banks, brokers and fund companies, and the fund scale is not fixed; Closed-end funds have a fixed duration and are generally listed and traded on the stock exchange. Investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market.
(2) According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into corporate funds and contractual funds. A fund is established by issuing fund shares to establish an investment fund company, which is usually called a corporate fund; The establishment of fund managers, fund custodians and investors through fund contracts is usually called contractual funds. China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.
(3) According to the different investment risks and returns, it can be divided into growth funds, income funds and balanced funds.
(4) According to different investors, it can be divided into bond funds, stock funds, money funds and hybrid funds.