China's current old-age insurance system is still facing many problems, which are shown as follows: the pressure of aging population is increasing day by day, and the aging population poses increasing pressure on China's future economic development and social stability. In the middle and early stage of industrialization, China entered the aging stage where the demand for economic construction funds was concentrated, which made the allocation of resources in trouble. Part of the balance of China's basic endowment insurance fund will cause the accumulation and growth of capital demand when China's population is aging, increase the social burden, and be very unfavorable to the stability of national finance. The coverage of old-age insurance is obviously too narrow, and one of the basic laws of social insurance is the general law. Only when the coverage is the largest, it will be the strongest. At present, as far as the whole country is concerned, in addition to the basic coverage of state-owned and collective enterprises, some institutions, foreign-funded enterprises, most private enterprises and individual economic employees are still outside the scope of old-age insurance, and civil servants in government institutions have not yet been included in the scope of social old-age insurance. The problem of old-age security for the rural population, which accounts for 80% of the country's total population, has not yet been solved. If this problem is not solved, the basic principles of social security such as rights protection, universality and equality will not be implemented, and some citizens will still not enjoy the corresponding old-age insurance rights.