Wei Gena was born in Berlin on June/KLOC-0. He loved fantasy and adventure since he was a child, and he loved to read the stories of explorers when he was a child. Franklin became his idol. Prepare for future exploration. He studies meteorology. 1905, 25-year-old Wei Gena received a doctorate in meteorology. 1906, he finally realized his lofty ideal as a teenager, joined the famous Danish expedition and came to Greenland to inspect the weather and glaciers. In order to find more evidence, 1930 In April, facing the snowstorm in the Arctic, Wei Gena led an expedition to visit Greenland for the fourth time. In the cold of -65℃, most people lost their courage, only he and two other followers continued to move forward, and finally successfully reached the Esmit base in the middle. 1 65438+1October1,he ventured back to the west coast base after celebrating his 50th birthday. He lost his way in the white ice and snow. His body was not found until the following April. He froze like a stone and merged with the glacier.

(2) Kyle? Poirot's story

Kyle. Poirot comes from a traveler's family. His father nicolo and his uncle Matteo are Venetian businessmen. They went to China on business in the 65438+60s. 127 1 year, they visited again and took away the young Kyle. They arrived in China and went to the palace to meet Kublai Khan, the Mongolian ruler of Yuan Shizu. They stayed in China for 24 years and made a fortune in business. Kyle. Poirot won Kublai Khan's trust and was sent to various parts of China for many times, traveling to India, Myanmar, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and Southeast Asia.

(C) Magellan's story

Death deprived Magellan of the honor of being the first explorer to sail around the world. 15 19 was ordered by the Spanish king to lead an expedition to find the westbound route from Spice Islands to east indies. The journey westbound across the Atlantic Ocean to Brazil was smooth, but then the situation began to deteriorate. A ship in the fleet was wrecked in the storm. Then several captains plotted against him. A ship turned around and came back Magellan executed one of the conspirators, leaving them on the desolate beach and setting sail again. When the fleet arrived in the Mariana Islands, local residents attacked them. Magellan was killed in a battle with a tribe on the Philippine island of Makatan.

(4) The story of Columbus

Christopher. Columbus 145 1 was born in Genoa, Italy, and went to sea at the age of 14. After studying maps and books, he is sure that he can reach Asia by sailing west across the Atlantic Ocean.

(5) Amundsen's story

Amundsen won two "firsts" in the history of exploration: the first one sailed in the northwest channel; The first person to reach the South Pole.

1in June, 903, Amundsen's expedition began to sail to the northwest channel. The whole team camped on King William Island, which goes deep into the Arctic Circle, and spent two winters and another winter on Mackenzie Island. They completed their voyage to the Pacific Ocean in September 1906.

1910165438+10 In October, Amundsen took another explorer, Friedyov? Fromm of Nansen left Norway for the South Pole. 1October 20th, 19 165438, he beat the British rival Captain Scott and set out from the base at the eastern end of Ross Ice Shelf at19 10+02+/kloc.

Martin? thank

(about 1535 ~ 1594)

Martin? Froby Hugh was the first English navigator to explore the Arctic Ocean. He was a privateer for many years when he was young. This word is a polite way to describe those British pirates. They got the secret support of Queen Elizabeth I and attacked Spanish ships that brought wealth from the New World.

1576, Flo set out by boat to find the northwest channel, and the disaster almost came suddenly. The smallest of the three ships sank in the Atlantic waves. Another ship separated from Froby's ship in the storm and returned to the port. In this way, only Froby rested his own "Gabriel" and continued to sail alone.

After exploring the baffin island on the Canadian northeast coast, Froby returned to his hometown and brought back some black rock samples that he thought might contain gold. Inspired by this, Queen Elizabeth I sponsored his second and third expeditions. These two expeditions brought back about 1500 tons of black rock, but it turned out to be worthless.

The futile search for gold shattered Froby's efforts to find the Northwest Passage. However, his description of the coast of the Arctic Ocean and the harsh sailing conditions there inspired later explorers to meet the challenge.

After returning from the North Pole, Froby took a break and continued his sailing career. Working under drake's command. Later, he was knighted for defeating the Spanish fleet in 1588.

Froby Xie completed his first voyage with "a strange Asian"-a prisoner captured by Inuit (Eskimos) in baffin island. This one has an Asian appearance, which convinces Froby that he is not far from China. Froby is too confident, and his judgment is not correct. He made a mistake.

Sven? Haiding

( 1865 ~ 1952)

Sven? Haiding is a Swedish explorer. He spent 30 years exploring in Central Asia and China.

Sven? One of the most important discoveries of Haiding was made during exploration in the Taklimakan Desert 1894 to 1897 in western China. He solved the mystery of Lop Nur (a saltwater lake basin). The lake seems to have been removed from the map first predicted by ancient China people. Sven? Haiding found that the Tarim River, which supplies water to the lake, moves frequently, resulting in the location of the lake moving with it. Left: Sven? Haiding is riding a bactrian camel. Local camels produced in Central Asia are used to transport goods.

1900, Sven? Haiding discovered the ruins of Loulan City in the desert. 1905 After revisiting Tibet, the first detailed map of Tibet was drawn and the birthplace of the Indus River was discovered.

Sven? Haiding continued to travel until he was over 60 years old. He wrote many books about his long journey. This made him one of the most famous explorers in the 20th century.

Adventure trip, Sven? Haiding has collected more than 8,000 rock specimens and ancient civilization relics. These items are now kept in Sven, Stockholm, Sweden. Haiding foundation.

Zheng He (A.D. 137 1- 1435), a native of Kunyang, Yunnan (now Jinning County, Kunming City), was born in Hongwu for four years (A.D. 137 1). Because of his belief in Islam, Zheng He began to learn the teachings and canon of Islam when he was young. Zheng He's father and grandfather have both been to Mecca, the holy place of Islam, and they are familiar with distant foreign countries and overseas situations. From the conversation between his father and grandfather, young Zheng He has always been full of strong curiosity about the outside world. His father's upright, generous and unrequited character left an indelible memory in Zheng He's mind. After the Yuan Dynasty unified Yunnan War in A.D. 1382, Zheng He was taken to Nanjing, castrated, became a eunuch, assigned to Beiping, served in the Yanwangfu, and became Judy's valet. During his stay in the Prince's Mansion, Zheng He won the trust of the Prince of Yan with his diligence, cleverness, extraordinary intelligence and diligence, and was selected as a personal bodyguard by Judy. At this time, Zheng He's own excellent glorious tradition and leadership began to appear gradually. During the four-year "Battle of Jingnan", Zheng He and Judy fought side by side, fought in the south and fought in the north, and made many contributions, becoming one of the main heroes for Judy to seize power and ascend to the throne. After the Ming Emperor Judy, most of the military commanders and civil servants who followed him for many years were promoted and reused. Among them, Zheng He, the eunuch, was named "Zheng" by Judy and was promoted to be the eunuch in charge of internal officials. Because Zheng He is also known as the "three treasures", people also call him the "three treasures eunuch". At that time, most countries along the Indian Ocean believed in Islam, while many countries in South Asia believed in Buddhism. Because Zheng He believed in Islam, knew how to sail, and served as a eunuch in the palace, Ming Chengzu chose him as an ambassador to lead the fleet to sea. Zheng He's voyage to the West was nearly a hundred years earlier than that of other countries. Zheng He's fleet has more than 200 ships, including a treasure ship carrying more than 1000 tons and a fleet of more than 20,000 people. Zheng He was a great navigator.

Pang Si? De? Lyon: Exploring the "Land of Sunshine"

Adventure: Discovery in Florida

Time: 15 13 ...

There was once a legend that there was a spring called the fountain of youth, and the first person who tasted the fountain of youth would get wealth, fame and a chance to be young again. But the problem is that no one knows where the legendary spring is.

Spanish explorer Pang Si? De? Leon set sail from South America and went all the way to Turkey and St.? I haven't found it on the island of Zavado either. Although Pang Si didn't find the fountain of youth, as the first European to set foot on this land and named it "Florida of pascua" (which we call Florida today), he did gain wealth and fame.

David? Livingston: "Breaking into Africa"

Achievements of the expedition: the first visit to Central Africa.

Time: 184 1 year to 1873 year.

Scottish doctor and missionary David? For Livingston, crossing the deserts, rainforests and barren hills in Africa means realizing his dream. He once struggled with a lion and almost lost an arm; He discovered one of the largest waterfalls in the world and named it "Victoria" after the Queen of England.

He lost his sight on the way to find the source of the Nile. Five years later, reporter Henry? Stan found Dr. Livingston in front of a small hut and put forward the famous slogan: "Dr. Livingston, I want to do it!" " This slogan inspired countless later explorers.

Robert? Pierre: To the North Pole.

The first to reach the North Pole.

Time: 1909

Robert? Pierre and his trusted partner Mather? Hansen (another talented explorer) went north with four other team members. On the way to the North Pole, they eradicated the ice peak at an altitude of 15 meters, endured extremely cold weather and encountered endless fog, as if it were black smoke burning in the whole North American prairie.

When they finally reached the North Pole, Piri, who was in rags, was very excited. He waved the American flag sewn by his wife and really felt that he was on top of the world.

Zhangqian (? ~ before 1 14)

Diplomats in the Western Han Dynasty. Hanzhong Chenggu (now Shaanxi Chenggu) was born. In the first year of Jianyuan (before 140), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty became Lang. Emperor Wu wanted to attack the Huns with the * * * of the big moon family, and Zhang Qian was recruited as the envoy. In the second year of Jianyuan, he left Longxi and was captured by Xiongnu. In Xiongnu 10 years, they got married and had children, but they always adhered to the Han Festival. After escaping, I went west to Dawan, passed Kangju, arrived at Dayue's house, and went to Daxia, where I stayed for more than a year before coming back. On his way home, Zhang Qian changed from South Road to Nanshan in an attempt to avoid being discovered by Xiongnu, but he got it from Xiongnu and was detained for more than a year. In the third year of Yuan Shuo (BC 126), the Huns were in civil strife, and Zhang Qian took the opportunity to escape into the Han Dynasty. He gave a detailed report on the Western Regions to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, who made him a doctor in Taichung. When Zhang Qian was in the summer, he learned that he could spend the summer by taking the road from the southwest of Shu (now Sichuan Basin) and taking the poison of India (now India). Because he advised Liang Wudi to open the route to the southwest, it was blocked by Kunming Yi and failed to pass. In the sixth year of Yuanshuo, Zhang Qian made contributions to the Xiongnu with Wei Qing, so he made a fortune and looked forward to it. In the second year of Yuanshou (before 12 1), he and Li Guang left Beiping (now northeast Hebei) to attack the Huns; Zhang Qian, who came late in the army, was beheaded, and made atonement with Hou to avoid being Shu Ren. After Zhang Qian persuaded Wu Di to unite with Wu Sun (in today's Ili Valley), Wu Di took Zhang Qian as a corps commander, led 300 people, and brought tens of thousands of cattle, sheep, gold and silks to Wu Sun. Zhang Qian sent envoys to Wusun and sent envoys to the surrounding countries such as Dawan, Kangju, Yueshi and Daxia. Wu Sun sent messengers to send Zhang Qian back to Han, and offered a horse to thank him. Ding Yuan in the second year (former 1 15), Zhang Qian also. Died the following year. After he sent envoys, he led envoys from various countries in the western regions to Han; Wu Sun finally married Han, and * * * defeated Xiongnu. Zhang Qian is the founder of Hanergy's ability to communicate with the western regions. Because of Zhang Qian's prestige in the Western Regions, the envoys of the Han Dynasty later called themselves "princes" to win the trust of other countries. Zhang Qian has made outstanding contributions to the opening of the Silk Road from China to the Western Regions, which is praised by the world. At that time, there were no historical records in western countries, which were reported by Zhang Qian and recorded in Historical Records and Hanshu. They were the original materials on which the history of Central Asia was studied, and they were of great value.

Xuanzang (602 ~ 664)

Monks of the Tang Dynasty. Traveler, one of the four great translators, founder of Faxiangzong. Known as the monk mage. Commonly known as Tang priest. Ordinary surname Chen Ming? . Luozhougou (now Yanshigou Town, Henan Province) is a native. /kloc-became a monk at the age of 0/3, and was given full precepts at the age of 20. Visiting famous teachers to learn Nirvana Sutra, Mahayana Theory, Pilu Theory and Reality Theory, I felt that there were different theories, and I didn't know what to do, so I decided to go west to find a solution. In the third year of Zhenguan (629), he set out from Chang 'an, went out of Dunhuang through Wuwei, Gansu, went south through Xinjiang and Central Asia along the northern line of the Western Regions, and learned from teachers along the way. In the fifth year of Zhenguan, he arrived at the King Snake City of Mohist Tuo, and went to Nalanduo Temple to learn the yoga teacher's theory of land, preaching the holy religion, the doctrine of the middle way, the theory of hundred places and the theory of Ming Dynasty. He was revered in that temple for five years, which is one of the top ten virtues. Zhenguan left the temple for ten years, went to India, southeast and northwest to study, and then returned to the temple. Teachers should guide and teach "take the greatest number theory" and "only know the choice theory"; He refuted Ziguang Shi's view with Hui Zong's theory. The book "On Controlling Evil" breaks the saying of Prajnaparamita. After the Anti-Japanese King held the Buddhist Debate Competition in Qunnvcheng, Xuanzang was the debater and made the Mahayana Dharma public. Thousands of people attended the meeting, and no one dared to argue against it. Ling won a great victory and was honored as "Mahayana Heaven" and "Freedom from Heaven". After that, he returned to Chang 'an on the 25th day of the first month of the 19th year of Zhenguan, which lasted 17 years and traveled 50,000 miles, bringing back 657 books on the law of multiplication of large and small. Later, he lived in Hongfu Temple and Ji 'an Temple, and gathered famous monks to build a translation workshop. In the past 20 years, he translated 75 volumes 1335, including the theory of land and the Mahaprajna Sutra by yoga masters. And translated Laozi into Sanskrit. Author of the Western Regions of Datang. There are Kui Ji, Yuance, Shenyun, Jiashang, Shentai and Bao Dao.

Xu Xiake (1587 ~ 164 1)

Traveler, geographer and essayist in Ming Dynasty. China was the first person who took travel as his lifelong career. Ming Hongzu, the word is really wise, and the name is Xiake. Jiangyin, South Zhili (now Jiangsu) people. Born in a bureaucratic landlord family, he was eager to learn, read history books and maps since he was a child. After failing in the exam, I was deeply impressed by the political darkness and fierce party struggle in the late Ming Dynasty, so I broke the idea of fame and fortune and set foot on the journey from 2 1 year old with the ambition of "asking famous mountains and rivers". For more than 30 years, he traveled to the Bohai Sea in the east, Huashan in the west, Yanjin in the north and Yunnan and Guangxi in the south, and traveled all over Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou and Yunnan. He was prepared for the difficulties and obstacles in his journey, robbed, deprived of food and begged, which didn't discourage him. The observation was recorded on a daily basis and compiled into Xu Xiake's Travels after his death. He corrected many mistakes in ancient local chronicles by observing facts and broke some superstitions and hypotheses. Starting from a simple scientific method, he expounded the principle of groundwater pressure, obtained the analysis that the river velocity is inversely proportional to the process, and observed the influence of topography, temperature and wind speed on plant ecology. In particular, he surveyed more than 100 limestone caves on the spot and correctly pointed out the causes and characteristics of karst landforms. This discovery predates Europeans by about two centuries. His travel prose adopts rich descriptive means. It has lasting aesthetic value.