Liu Song and Chen Baoguo (China University of Geosciences, Beijing) Abstract: The former Central Geological Survey (1916 ~ 1950, referred to as the Institute) took charge of and planned the national geological survey work before the founding of New China, and played an important role in the history of the development of geology in China.

important position.

The Institute of Geological Survey has conducted a large number of field geological surveys and achieved fruitful results. Especially in the cultivation of geological talents, it has provided a number of outstanding geologists to New China.

This article starts from the social environment in which the geological survey institute is located, and introduces its general survey, its contribution in geological theory and personnel training.

Keywords: Geological Survey Institute, Regional Geological Survey, Geology Science and Technology History 1. The establishment background and development history of the Geological Survey Institute. The former Central Geological Survey Institute (its predecessor was the Geological Section of the Mining Administration Department, Ministry of Industry, Nanjing Provisional Government established in early 1912) was established in Beijing during the Republic of China.

The Mining Administration Department of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce of the government was established in September 1913. Due to the lack of professional talents, comprehensive geological survey and research work was not really started until July 1916.

The institute was directly under the direct jurisdiction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of the Beijing Government, the Ministry of Agriculture and Minerals, the Ministry of Industry, and the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Nanjing National Government.

In 1950, the national geological science institutions were adjusted and reorganized, and the name of the Geological Survey became history.

2. Overview of the regional geological survey of the Institute of Geological Survey 1. Preparatory period (1913 ~ 1915) 1913 ~ 1915, this period can be called the preparatory period of China's early regional geological survey.

Due to the lack of geological survey personnel, the geological surveys during this period were mainly field surveys conducted by Ding Wenjiang, Weng Wenhao, Zhang Hongzhao and other founders and their students from the Institute of Geology.

The simple regional geological survey during this period is shown in Table 1.

During this period, China's modern geological science and geological undertakings had just started in China, and the disciplines were not well differentiated. Restricted by tight funding, backward technology, and a lack of geological talents, the Geological Survey was unable to carry out systematic and large-scale geological surveys and

Research.

Therefore, the main purpose of geological surveys carried out by geological surveys is to explore mineral resources and accumulate geological data.

Table 1. Brief table of the regional geological survey from 1913 to 1915. 2. Initial period (1916 to 1927). 1916 to 1927 was the entrepreneurial stage of the regional geological survey of the Geological Survey.

This period was the darkest period when the Beiyang warlords ruled China.

The Geological Survey Institute was restructured several times and was barely maintained, with no geological data. During this period, the scale of field geological surveys was very small. There were 2 to 5 geological survey teams working in the field every year, and each survey team was composed of 2 to 3 geologists.

Field investigation teams are generally composed of an experienced expert leading one or two young scholars, or several young scholars to form an investigation team to investigate the geological and mineral conditions in various investigation areas.

Its investigation tasks are mainly carried out at the request of the Ministry of Industry and Commerce, the Provincial Department of Industry and some coal mining companies.

Most of its survey areas and contents include investigating mineral resources and earthquake disaster conditions in North China, South China and Northeast China, with coalfield geological surveys as the main focus.

The main regional geological surveys are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 Brief table of regional geological surveys from 1916 to 1927 3. Period of great development (1928 to 1945) The period from 1928 to 1945 was the great development stage of early geological surveys in China.

By the late 1920s, the Institute of Geological Survey had developed into the geological survey institution with the strongest research and investigation capabilities in the country.

We have the ability to organize large-scale field geological surveys in terms of manpower, material resources and technology.

After entering the 1930s, the economic situation of the Geological Survey began to improve. Not only did the government funding increase, but also the funding from foundations and society increased significantly.

At the same time, with the advancement of geological science, more and more young people are entering the field of geology, and a group of new geologists have emerged, such as Li Chunyu, Sun Jianchu, Wang Yuelun, Yin Zanxun, Zhao Yazeng, Tian Qijun, Ji Senrong, Pan

Zhong Xiang, Yang Zhongjian, Xie Jiarong, Wang Zhuquan, Pei Wenzhong, Jia Lanpo, Li Shanbang, Hou Guangjiong, Ma Rongzhi, etc.

They have made contributions to promoting the development of geological science in our country.

In 1935, the Institute of Geological Survey moved to Nanjing. The institute has a beautiful environment, a good academic atmosphere, a complete organizational structure, and the scientific and technological personnel have been continuously enriched and strengthened. The emergence of authoritative experts in various disciplines and the discovery of Zhoukoudian "Beijing natives" have won a high reputation for the Institute.

reputation.

With the enhancement of talent reserves and scientific research capabilities, the Institute's small-scale regional geological surveys increased significantly during this period, and it also began to organize large-scale field expeditions.