question 1: the difference between business risk reserve and provident fund. risk reserve refers to the funds set up by the exchange to provide financial guarantee for maintaining the normal operation of the futures market and make up for the losses caused by unforeseen risks of the exchange.

common reserve fund refers to the company's common reserve fund, which is the amount of funds reserved by the company outside its capital. According to whether the retention of provident fund is legally mandatory, the provident fund can be divided into statutory provident fund and arbitrary provident fund. In addition, the housing accumulation fund refers to the long-term housing savings paid by state organs, state-owned enterprises, urban collective enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises, urban private enterprises and other urban enterprises, institutions and their employees.

question 2: what enterprises need to withdraw general risk reserve?

The proportion of financial services industry is generally determined according to the risk of the industry, which generally does not exceed 15%.

Other high-risk industries, such as construction industry and coal industry, should draw certain risk reserves.

debit: management expenses (engineering construction, manufacturing expenses and other subjects)

credit: other payables-risk reserve.

generally, the purpose cannot be changed.

question 3: what is the risk reserve? A guarantee institution can withdraw the "risk reserve" for guarantee payment according to the proportion of 1% which does not exceed the guarantee liability balance at the end of the current year (referring to the guarantee balance at the end of the year, and the insured unit and the corresponding guarantee amount shall be listed at the end of the year as the basis for accrual) and a certain proportion of the profit after income tax. After the "risk reserve" reaches 1% of the guarantee balance, the difference will be extracted. Therefore, the liability reserve is accrued before tax; The risk reserve is drawn according to the after-tax profit.

accounting entries when withdrawing risk reserve:

(1) 1% of the balance under guarantee at the end of the year

Debit: operating expenses-unearned liability reserve

Loan: unearned liability reserve

(2) Debit: profit distribution-risk reserve

Loan: general risk reserve <

question 4: who decides to withdraw General Risk Preparation from general risk reserve? It refers to the risk preparation that financial enterprises engaged in securities business withdraw from net profit according to regulations to make up for losses.

general risk reserve is accrued at 1% of net profit. Management method of general risk reserve: general risk reserve can only be used to make up for losses.

(Zheng Jian Accounting Zi [27] No.1 on January 12, 27)

In order to standardize the financial management of fund management companies in setting up risk reserves and clarify related matters, the following supplementary provisions are hereby made, please follow them.

1. the "risk reserve" in the notice on issues related to fund management companies' withdrawal of risk reserve (No.154 [26] of securities regulatory fund, hereinafter referred to as the "notice") refers to the general risk reserve used to make up for unidentified possible losses, which should be distinguished from the special risk reserve with a specific purpose or a specific user.

2. The general risk reserve shall be withdrawn from the month when the Notice is issued. When the balance reaches 1% of the total net asset value of the open and closed securities investment funds managed by the fund management company, it may not be withdrawn. The custodian bank takes the net asset value of each securities investment fund under custody as the extraction base, and it can no longer be extracted when the balance exceeds 1%.

iii. if a fund management company has withdrawn its general risk reserve based on the management fee income before the Notice takes effect, it may choose to continue to implement the higher withdrawal standard or the requirements of the Notice.

iv. the general risk reserve drawn from the management fees of each fund shall be kept in the special account for general risk reserve opened for unified management and use. The use of general risk reserve does not distinguish the extraction source of general risk reserve, and it is used as a unified general risk reserve of the company to serve all open-end and closed-end securities investment funds managed by fund management companies.

5. The funds in the special account for general risk reserve and the securities and related income held by using general risk reserve for investment belong to the company's inherent assets with limited use purpose, and the after-tax investment income belongs to general risk reserve assets.

VI. If the general risk reserve drawn in the previous year is treated as liabilities or equity, the balance of funds shall be transferred to the special account for general risk reserve in accordance with this regulation, and the balance shall be transferred to "general risk reserve" in this year as an owner's equity of the company.

VII. The general risk reserve paid from operating expenses shall be charged according to the actual losses, and the accumulated excess over the balance of the extracted risk reserve shall be made up by the fund management company using other self-owned property. When calculating corporate income tax, the company should make necessary tax adjustments according to the requirements of the current tax law and the nature of the specific risk items for which the general risk reserve is used.

VIII. For general risk reserve, except for special requirements, the fund management company shall implement the following financial management regulations:

(1) Withdrawing general risk reserve

Management fee income shall be fully accounted for in accordance with the proportion stipulated in the fund contract and included in the company's management fee income. The general risk reserve shall be withdrawn monthly according to the requirements of the Notice according to a certain proportion of the management fee income, and the company shall instruct the custodian bank to transfer the withdrawn general risk reserve to the special account for general risk reserve. The general risk reserve drawn by the company shall be treated as profit distribution and shall not be included in the expenses. General risk preparation is an integral part of the company's owner's equity.

(II) Use and payment of general risk reserve

When using general risk reserve, the company should reduce "general risk reserve", increase the company's "profit distribution-undistributed profit" accordingly, and transfer the funds from the general risk reserve account to the company's own fund bank deposit account.

if the risk loss is caused by the fund management company's own reasons, the relevant parties shall be investigated for their responsibilities in accordance with relevant regulations. If the amount to be borne by the parties needs to be paid by the fund management company with general risks, it shall be recorded as "other receivables"; The amount to be borne by the fund management company shall be charged from the operating expenses, and the amount to be borne by the company shall be separately charged as "general risk reserve expenditure" under the operating expenses.

when the party concerned returns the amount paid by the company, it shall write off the company's "other receivables" according to the returned amount.

when the company advances the amount borne by the party concerned with general risk reserve, and the party concerned cannot return the amount paid by the company, the company shall supplement the general risk reserve with its own funds and transfer the corresponding funds from its own bank deposit account to the special account for general risk reserve.

bad debt reserve and write-off shall be made for the advance payment that is difficult to recover according to relevant principles.

(III) Transfer back to the general risk reserve

The company can transfer back to the general risk reserve within the withdrawn range, and accordingly transfer back the deposit balance in the special account for general risk reserve, but the transferred general risk reserve balance ...... > >

question 5: what is risk reserve? How to withdraw the risk reserve? Risk reserve extraction method

(1) extract

from after-tax profits; (2) extract

from executive salaries and dividends distributed by controlling shareholders; (3) extract

from funds obtained from issuance or rights issue; (4) extract

from investment income of risk reserve; (5) extract

from operating income; (3) Limitations of risk reserve

First of all, The occupational risk fund is drawn according to the proportion of 1% of the accounting firm's operating income, and the top is not capped, which leads to a higher and higher book amount, which is not conducive to the use of the firm's funds, but also seriously affects shareholders' dividends.

Secondly, due to the difficulty in taking care of the supervision means of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants, some accounting firms have the phenomenon of falsely mentioning, omitting, not mentioning or using it for other purposes, and diverting profits, and the fund management is actually in a state of name only.

in addition, there are regional tax differences on whether to deduct the occupational risk fund as the cost, which is not conducive to the fair competition and healthy development of accounting firms in different regions.

under the limitation of these system defects, it is actually difficult for professional risk funds to form the backbone of risk prevention of accounting firms.

Therefore, the implementation of occupational risk fund should be combined with the provision of liability insurance and other financing methods.

Provisions on risk reserve

Taking the exchange as an example, the provisions on the risk reserve system are as follows:

The sources of risk reserve include: ① The exchange draws 2% of the transaction fee income (including the preferential reduction to members) from the management fees; (2) other income that meets the requirements of the national financial policy.

when the balance of risk reserve reaches 1 times of the registered capital of the exchange, it may not be withdrawn after the approval of China Securities Regulatory Commission.

the risk reserve must be accounted for separately and stored in a special account, and it shall not be used for other purposes except for making up the risk loss.

question 6: what kind of accounting subjects does the general reserve belong to? Owners' equity is mainly the general risk reserve drawn by financial enterprises from net profit according to regulations.

question 7: how to calculate the compensation reserve and risk reserve of guarantee enterprises? The Notice of the Ministry of Finance and State Taxation Administration of The People's Republic of China on Pre-tax Deduction of Reserves of SME Credit Guarantee Institutions (Caishui [27] No.27) stipulates that SME credit guarantee institutions can make provision for guarantee compensation in proportion not exceeding 1% of the balance of guarantee liability at the end of the year, and allow pre-tax deduction of enterprise income tax. Credit guarantee institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises can make provision for unearned liabilities according to the proportion of 5% of the guarantee fee income in the current year, and allow it to be deducted before enterprise income tax. The unearned liability reserve shall be accrued by the difference according to the annual guarantee fee income, and the part of the reserve that exceeds 5% of the annual guarantee fee income shall be converted into the current income. The compensation losses actually incurred by credit guarantee institutions of small and medium-sized enterprises shall be offset in turn by the guarantee compensation reserves deducted before tax and the general risk reserves extracted from after-tax profits, and the insufficient offset shall be deducted before tax according to the actual enterprise income tax. The above provisions shall be implemented as of January 1, 27.

question 8: how to extract the unearned liability reserve, guarantee compensation reserve and general risk reserve of the guarantee company? First, what does "the balance of guarantee liability at the end of the current year" mean? Is it the accumulated balance of guarantee over the years?

Answer: Yes

Second, what does it mean to transfer the balance of guarantee compensation reserve accrued in the previous year to the current income? If the balance of the balance sheet guarantee compensation reserve at the beginning of the year is 1.2 million yuan, does it mean to transfer 1.2 million yuan into income?

Answer: Yes

What does it mean that the unearned reserve balance accrued in last year is converted into current income? If the balance sheet is 3, yuan at the beginning of the year, does it mean that 3, yuan should be transferred to income?

Answer: Yes

And what is the proportion of general risk reserve drawn by the guarantee company? Is it drawn according to the net profit?

Answer: The general risk reserve of the guarantee company is drawn at 1% of the after-tax profit

Question 9: What account should be included in the withdrawal of enterprise risk funds; Surplus reserve

loan; General risk reserve

question 1: accounting treatment of general risk reserve 1. this account accounts for the general risk reserve drawn from net profit by enterprises (finance) according to regulations. Two, the general risk reserve extracted by the enterprise, debit the "profit distribution-extraction of general risk reserve" subject, and credit this subject. Use general risk reserve to cover losses, debit this account and credit "profit distribution-general risk reserve to cover losses" account. Three, the final credit balance of this course, reflecting the general risk preparation of enterprises.