Don't talk about being a monk now. You have to know a story. In the past, there were five blind people who came to touch an elephant. One of them touched his nose, and he said, Ah, so the elephant is like this. One touched his thigh, and he said, Ah, so elephants are like this.

When one touched the tail, he said, Ah, so elephants are like this. One touched the ear. . .

You know, each of them deeply believes that what they have touched is all about the elephant, and it is absolutely certain.

Actually, this is not the case. You should know that nowadays, great monks like Master Hui Lv, Master Sheng Yan, Master Hai Tao, Master Cheng Guan, Master Xing Yun, Master Zheng Yan, etc. preach Dharma and benefit students. Where are they lazy? How can we say "this is Buddhism now" in the words of touching the elephant? Tzu Chi, led by Master Zheng Yan, has made brilliant achievements in the fields of charity, medical care, education, humanities, international disaster relief, bone marrow donation, environmental protection, community volunteers and so on over the past 45 years. Helping tens of millions of people around the world to tide over the difficulties in disasters, in 23, under the name of "Taiwan Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation", it officially became a member of the United Nations NGO.

In p>1996, the International Tzu Chi Medical Association was established. More than 7, medical volunteers from 58 free clinics in 11 countries around the world provided free medical assistance in 39 countries around the world, forming a systematic global medical service network.

Tzu Chi Bone Marrow Donation Information Center, as of August 3, 29, there were nearly 33, voluntary donors, and more than 2, cases received marrow. There were 27 donor countries, among which 835 cases were sent to mainland China.

can this be accomplished by laziness? It's just that the ideology in our country is so serious that we can't show our talents. This is not just about Buddhism. In 1966, Chinese civilization suffered great changes, and it takes time to recover and prosper. It's not that simple, but if we think this is the present Buddhism, then its vision is too narrow.

Now, let's talk about psychology

Comparison between Buddhism psychology and Freud psychology

Freud was an Austrian psychiatrist. He was from 1856 to 1939, that is, from the middle of the 19th century to the 2th century. His psychology is also called "psychoanalysis"

, which is characterized by paying attention to the discussion of subconscious and subconscious, which can be said to be a major breakthrough in the course of western psychology. Freud divided the psychological state of human beings into two levels:

1. Consciousness

2. Subconscious or subconsciousness

On the surface, it is called consciousness, which refers to general words, deeds, thinking, etc. The "subconscious" is located under the conscious level, which is a kind of accumulation of consciousness and the source of its motive force. Freud believes that the subject of subconscious formation is Ego, which was originally Latin, and now it is so common because of Freud's gift.

Ego。 The first-person pronoun "I" in English is translated into self in Chinese, and Ego has a big savings room called ID.

ID is also a third-person pronoun in Latin, which is translated into "virtue" in Chinese.

According to Freud, virtue is a big repository of human spirit and the source of all "motivation", which is innate. Behind this spring, there is a center. Freud called it Libido, which is a kind of "sexual power" in the primitive state. It is a department that is mainly responsible for "sex", and both it and "morality" belong to the subconscious. The subconscious is at the bottom of consciousness, and it is usually dormant. There is a superEgo on ego.

It manipulates ego, which is also a proper name created by Freud, representing all external factors and environment, such as social customs, morality, politics, habits and culture. Since we were born, parents, neighbors and society have been constantly stuffing us with these superego. In addition, some of our illegal ideas, or unconventional, extraordinary and even immoral ideas, are all suppressed by the superego and deposited in the bottom of the consciousness, thus becoming the so-called "subconscious" or "subconscious". These things that are crushed to the subconscious often emerge secretly when we sleep and dream. However, these repressed images are not necessarily "reproduced" faithfully, nor are they completely revealed. Usually, they will be transformed first, or replaced by flowers, and then presented with various new faces. Sometimes I even make up a plot, just like a novel or a drama. The purpose of these "plot reappearance" is to satisfy the deep inner desire, or to express all kinds of repressed feelings such as potential fear and anxiety.

The above is a simple framework of Freud's psychology. In his later period, Freud's theory had a great shortcoming, that is, he put too much emphasis on Libido, and everything became more or less related to sex once it was analyzed by Freud and psychoanalysts.

Now let's take a look at what is the greatest contribution of Freud's psychology to mankind?

before the rise of Freud's theory, all psychology, even the whole social customs and western philosophy were "rationalist", and only "consciousness" was recognized-because what consciousness presented and recognized was easier to explain and understand-and what was outside the scope of consciousness was absolutely denied, especially at the level of irrational cognition and control, such as "dream". This concept lasted until the second world war; During the Second World War, due to the unprecedented massacre of mankind, western humanistic scientists, philosophers, scientists, thinkers and religious scholars began to reflect: "Is man really a rational animal? They began to doubt the long-standing idea, and the ideological trend of human beings gradually changed to deny the traditional idea, which turned out to be overcorrection. Until now, some people have gone astray and concluded that "human beings are irrational animals", completely denying the previous "orthodox" ideas (such as nihilism and existentialism), and the catalyst for such reflection and transformation is Freud's psychology. Since then, westerners have turned against their nearly 3,-year-old tradition and started to face up to the "irrational" side of human beings, no longer blindly obliterating it, nor avoiding it, and even started to study and discuss it deeply, and it became more and more popular. As for dreams and subconsciousness, I think they are closely related to human life, and they are an inseparable part of the whole life. I even realize that dreams play a very important role in human spirit and psychology, so the so-called "dream analysis" academic research and clinical technology are popular in the world.

Freud attached great importance to human childhood. He believed that childhood played an important role in the growth of a person's personality and the composition of his psychology. When a person grows up, most of the things about his childhood have been forgotten, so that many things in this period are squeezed under the consciousness, forming the background of the whole personality. Although these background factors are invisible, everyone is dominated by them. There is a well-known term "compensation", which is frequently used in modern psychology, and it also comes from Freud's psychology. The main reason for the formation of compensation is that if we can't achieve some wishes when we were young, and we always regret it and can't let it go, we will try our best to make up for this "defect" when we grow up. If you really can't achieve it, you will often pass it on to the next generation, that is, you will become the so-called "hope for the next generation", which is actually an excuse for "rationalization" of compensation. For example, I failed to learn the piano for some reason before, and now I hope my children can learn it. Another new term in Freud's psychology is "free association". At present, when treating a disease, psychologists usually let the patient lie comfortably and let the patient confide as much as possible without scruple. This medical treatment method is called "free association" in theory. Not only has this new change taken place in the medical field, but what writers in the 19th and 2th centuries called "stream of consciousness" and the "stream of consciousness" techniques used in literary works are all based on the clinical experience of Freud's psychology. Among them, there are many modern poems and novels of the so-called trendy school, which make people look at them, but they always can't see any tricks, and they are really unintelligible; Even many modern paintings and modern music use free association and stream of consciousness in a large number. With what the author thinks, he writes, draws and pops up what he thinks, which makes readers, audiences and listeners confused. I wonder why he wants to express it. From another point of view, these bizarre techniques are just the perfect way for modern art to present the real appearance of contemporary human psychology and life, and Freud is the initiator of its theory. For the treatment of mental patients, in the past, westerners used to handcuff the patients with chains, even influenced by medieval theology, and thought that the patients were possessed by Satan, so whenever the patients had an attack, they were whipped and tried to beat the devil away. After the death of Freud's psychology, the medical profession began to think that mental illness should also be treatable. The most representative way is to use "free association" or other methods to trigger the frustration, depression, illusion and distress in the patient's subconscious, just like a child catching a worm out of a hole with grass. Once one of the many distress in the patient's heart is hooked, other depression will follow. Hypnosis, which is popular in modern times, is also based on this. This method of "treating without treatment" is really a wonderful move. In religion, the Christian church has been greatly impacted by the rise of free association; When people have mental or psychological problems, they used to go to church to find priests and find priests to confess and repent, but now they turn to psychologists; Fortunately, otherwise, when the western religious belief is declining, I'm afraid there will be more people going insane, and there is no way to tell them. In a word, in the research scope of Freud's psychology, the most contribution is the subconscious, and in his subconscious, the most secluded and profound department is the dream; According to Buddhism, "dream" is also a part of life, because most of life is in a state of sleep: you can't say that waking is life, but sleeping is not life. From this point of view, it is quite rational and "progressive" that Freud can make a more in-depth discussion on this aspect, but it is 24 years later than what the Buddha said, and it is much shallower.

Then, let's discuss the historical and cultural background of the rise of Freud's psychology. The Middle Ages in Europe, before the 13th century A.D., was the period of Roman Empire's rule. Roman culture has two sources: one is Greece and the other is Hebrew. The Greek spirit belongs to the "humanistic spirit", which pays attention to the secular world and tends to be romantic. It can be seen from these ancient Greek myths that all the gods are personified (there is love, hatred, war and peace, just like the mortal world), and the Greeks are also scientific and logical. Hebrew culture is "God-based spirit", which pays attention to the afterlife and is more serious. The so-called "Roman culture" was formed when these two cultures were matched. Later, influenced by Christian theology and Aristotle's logic, it evolved into "scholasticism", which dominated the thoughts, cultures and systems of medieval Europe for more than a thousand years. It was not until Zuoshi in the thirteenth century that the Renaissance began to change. The so-called "Renaissance" aims to revive the spirit of ancient Greece. The original text of "Renaissance" means "regeneration", so what it wants to revive is not only literature and art, but the whole culture. Therefore, the Chinese translation of the word "Renaissance" is not correct, but should be "cultural revival" (or "cultural regeneration"). The origin of the Renaissance was because some scholars found that the most important spirits in ancient Greece were the spirit of freedom, the spirit of slowness, the spirit of putting people first, and the spirit of respecting personal values. These are very different from the feudal system and collectivism at that time. Because of this, people of insight wanted to reform. However, due to the powerful religious forces and autocratic monarchy at that time, the reforms they advocated on the surface were mostly focused on literature and art, but they did not dare to touch on religion and politics. Therefore, the Chinese translators were named as "Renaissance". This movement basically started from literature, art, music, etc., and gradually extended to philosophy and thought, in order to fully restore the spirit of ancient Greece. Later, the revival of literature and art was the driving force, which led to the religious revolution in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and it was at this time that the old and new religions began to split. In the 18th century, the "success" of the religious revolution promoted the philosophical revolution-the "Enlightenment", and several French Enlightenment masters, such as Forqin, Diderot and Rousseau, all led a generation in this period. From the mid-18th century to the 19th century, due to the establishment, maturity and universality of the liberal philosophical trend of thought guided by Bian Yi, the philosophical revolution turned into the theoretical basis of political revolution, and then there was the American War of Independence, followed by the French Revolution, followed by the industrial revolution, the economic revolution, and then the romanticism beyond classicism. Now in the 2th century, it has evolved into anarchy and morbid individualism. Freud's psychology came from a series of revolutions-the Renaissance (14th and 15th centuries), the Religious Revolution (15th and 16th centuries), the Enlightenment (17th and 18th centuries), and the political revolution, which brought about various revolutions in the future, reaching a climax, which can be described as a "link between the past and the future". Generally speaking, the contribution made by Freud's psychology is much more positive, and there is almost no negative effect, which is very rare in the world.

Buddhist psychology is also called "knowledge-only learning", and this "knowledge" refers to "mind knowledge". The original meaning of "knowledge" is to know, recognize and say goodbye. It is the heart that can have cognitive ability, so it is called "mental knowledge". In Buddhism, there is a so-called "mind-watching" method. Some people misunderstand its meaning in this method and think that the heart they want to watch is the heart. As a result, when they look at it later, they feel that there seems to be something hard in their chest, and even some pain later. In fact, the "heart" does not refer to that heart at all. In Buddhism, the heart is called the "fleshy heart", which is material, and the "heart" to be viewed in Buddhism is spiritual.

"mind" is composed of eight kinds of knowledge. The eight senses are: eye knowledge, ear knowledge, nose knowledge, tongue knowledge, body knowledge, consciousness, terminal knowledge and Arya knowledge. Among them, eye knowledge, ear knowledge, nose knowledge, tongue knowledge, body knowledge and consciousness are collectively called "the first six knowledge", the seventh knowledge is called "the last knowledge" and the eighth knowledge is called "Alaye knowledge". From our common expressions such as "think with your head", "let me use my head and think about it carefully", "I can't think of any good ideas even if my head is broken", "His mind (thinking) is out of order" and "He has a good mind and is good at reading", we can see that most people regard people's thinking, memory, discrimination and other abilities as from.