The provisional government of the Republic of China was established, and Cai Yuanpei was appointed as the chief of education. Gu was invited to be the director, but Gu did not. After Yuan Shikai usurped power, Cai Yuanpei resigned angrily and went to Germany, but Gu went with him. After the "Second Revolution" in 19 13, Gu returned to China to participate in it. When the revolution failed, Gu Sui was in Shanghai. 19 14, Siemens Germany hired Gu as an engineer of its Beijing branch, lived in Beijing and had secret contacts with revolutionaries. Since then. Professor Peking University, head of the German Department, head of the Economics Department, was re-elected as provost for several years.
Gu is knowledgeable and versatile, and is deeply loved by teachers and students of Peking University. During his stay in Peking University, as the provost, he presided over the awarding ceremony of doctoral degrees by American philosopher Dewey and British philosopher Russell. Speaking at the ceremony, Gu first spoke Chinese, then English, then French and German. Its wording and pronunciation are elegant and accurate, and all the listeners are amazed. Therefore, whenever Mr. Gu attends class, it is packed and must be arranged in the classroom of the Third Hospital of Peking University along the Beijiang River to accommodate it. Students from other departments, except those who choose courses in our department, all come to the lecture, and even many people outside the school come to "steal money" to attend.
Cai Yuanpei, who was in charge of Peking University at that time, actively advocated the academic ideas of "inclusiveness" and "freedom of thought", making Peking University the cradle of the New Culture Movement and the May 4th Movement. As the provost, Gu's planning has played an important role. During this period, Gu also actively contributed to New Youth.
From 65438 to 0924, Gu participated in the "Zhongshan School Practice Society" associated with the Kuomintang, and later worked in the Northern District Committee of the Kuomintang under the auspices of Li Dazhao and others. In the list of sages recommended by Li to Sun Yat-sen, he ranked first. From 65438 to 0925, at the invitation of Guangzhou National Government, Gu successively served as President of Guangdong University and Vice President of Sun Yat-sen University. In June 65438+the following year 10, at the second national congress of the Kuomintang, Gu was elected as an executive member of the Central Committee.
After the Northern Expeditionary Army conquered Wuchang, the Guangzhou National Government moved, and Gu's position became increasingly prominent. He served as an executive member of the Kuomintang Central Committee, a member of the Central Political Consultative Conference, a member of the National Government and a minister of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China. At that time, important conversations between Chiang Kai-shek and Bao Luoting, a Soviet consultant who knew German, were all translated by Gu. After Bao returned to the Soviet Union from China, the Danish ambassador to the Soviet Union talked to Bao and asked him what political figures were worthy of praise for his many years in China. Bao replied: The first one is Gu, the second one is Hu, and the third one is Li Shiceng.
1927, Wang Jingwei initiated "7: 15 * * *", and Gu was an active participant. 1928, Gu and Chen Gongbo, Wang Leping and other organizations organized the "China Kuomintang Reorganization Comrades' Association" to carry out anti-Chiang Kai-shek activities, and Chiang Kai-shek "expelled from the Party forever" and "explicitly wanted". At that time, the Wuhan government led by Wang Jingwei announced Gu as the Minister of Education, but it did not. 193 1 year, Ning Yue cooperated, Gu was elected as the Standing Committee of the Fourth Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, and cooperated with Chiang Kai-shek again. 1932 In March, Gu was appointed Minister of Railways. 1935165438+10 month, served as the fifth KMT Central Executive Committee member, member and Secretary-General of the Central Political Committee, and Minister of Communications. 1In July, 936, he served as a member of the Supreme National Defense Conference. 1in June, 938, he was appointed as a member of the first National Political Consultative Conference. In June of 5438+00, Shao Lizi was appointed Minister of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China again.
After entering the political arena, Gu was first valued by Hu and Chiang Kai-shek, and then had a close relationship with Wang Jingwei. Wang Ching-wei had consulted Gu before publishing Erotic Electricity. Gu broke with Wang and went to Chongqing, the wartime capital.
1941July, Ji Gu Luo Jialun became the president of Central University. 1948 In May, Weng became the president of the Executive Yuan and invited Gu, who lived in seclusion, to join the cabinet, but he ignored it. In March of the following year, Li Zongren was appointed as acting president, and Gu was invited to take over as the president of the Executive Yuan, but Gu didn't.
Later, Gu Zeng organized the so-called "Great Alliance of Freedom and Democracy" and "Fighting Alliance of Freedom and Democracy" with Li Zongren, Zhang Fakui and others, and founded magazines such as Avenue and Voice of China, but ultimately failed to become a climate and retired. Soon, he settled in the United States via Japan and died in Taipei.
Throughout Gu Yisheng's life, from taking office to leaving office, neither electrification nor public speeches were published, and even the publication of "Speech Collection" and "Speech Collection" seemed to be a shadow of flickering, advancing and retreating. After Gu died of illness, historian Qian Mu commented that he was an "incognito figure". This "recluse" has been in a high position for a long time, but he is gentle and modest. Even when eating at ordinary times, he doesn't want "servants to add, let alone servants standing beside him." The following are some stories about his incorruptibility when he served as Minister of Railways and President of Central University.
The railway construction in old China was slow and tortuous, and its management was chaotic. After Gu became the Minister of Railways, he carried out a series of rectification and reform. First, improve railway management and increase railway equipment according to the capitalist mode of operation, including: rectifying the national railway freight and passenger transport order and unifying standards; Advocate combined transport of railways and highways; Strengthen the statistics, management, restraint and increase of new employees in the railway bureau; Set up a general audit in each railway bureau to strictly audit the revenue and expenditure and cash management of each railway bureau; Replace heavy rails, reinforce steel bridges, replace sleepers and add wires; Increase station equipment; Borrow from Germany, issue railway construction bonds to raise funds for highway construction and so on. The above measures have achieved obvious results in a short time: the operating income of state-owned railways has increased and the expenditure has decreased; Railway equipment has been improved, and the speed of passenger cars and trucks has been accelerated; Guangdong-Han railway runs through; The Tongguan-Xi 'an section of Longhai Line was opened to traffic, and the Xi 'an-Xianyang section was completed; Jinyu section and Yunan section of Zhejiang-Jiangxi line are open to traffic; Lianyungang port construction project completed; Sujia Railway and Qianjiang Bridge started construction and so on.
Second, spare no effort to train and promote talents. During his tenure, Gu sent many young people abroad for further study. Chen Bojun, who used to be the secretary of Director Gu, talked to a friend about one of Gu's things decades later: "At that time, there were two roads (Beijing, Shanghai and Jinpu) with a sum of money to give to the minister, which could be used as special expenses. When Mr. Gu handed over to the Minister of Railways, he didn't take a penny, but he used the money to train talents and sent many people from the Ministry of Railways abroad for further study. "
Yu Meng will only give important tasks to talented people, even though he has never seen them. When he was minister of the Ministry of Railways, the situation in North China deteriorated, and the coastal areas might be lost. Therefore, the construction of the Guangdong-Han Railway has become a top priority. The construction of the Guangdong-Han railway connecting Guangdong, Hunan and Hubei provinces began in 190 1 year. Thirty years later, only the Guangzhou-Shaoguan section and Wuhan-Zhuzhou section were built, and the Shaoguan-Zhuzhou section was about 490 kilometers long, but it has not been built due to lack of funds. After Gu took over, after several negotiations, he finally won the 4.5 million pounds that Britain returned to Yuehan Road from boxer indemnity.
Gu inquired that Ling Hongxun, the engineer who presided over the construction of Longhai Railway, was one of the few railway experts in China. Although Gu and Ling have never met, they are still eclectic. 1932 In September, Ling was appointed as the director and chief engineer of Zhushao Road Engineering Bureau of Guangdong-Han Railway.
Ling Hongxun lived up to expectations and overcame various difficulties. Finally, in April, 1936, the Guangdong-Han line was completed one year ahead of schedule. This artery connecting North China, Central China and South China played an extremely important role in the economic development of these areas, especially in the transportation of military materials at the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War the following year.
When Gu was the president of Central University, he lived in Geleshan and went to school in Shapingba by bus every morning.
On the third day after Gu arrived at the school, he announced the school-running policy at the teacher-student meeting of the whole school: "freedom of academic thought, all parties resign." The teachers and students present gave warm applause.
Then, Mr. Tong Guanxian, a famous law professor and dean of law school, was appointed as the provost. Overcoming the extreme difficulties in wartime, the Judicial Group was established in the Law Department of the Law School (quite "professional" today) and the Meteorological Group was newly established in the school. Other departments were also adjusted, so that Central University at that time, apart from the business school, had seven colleges, including arts, science, law, agriculture, engineering, medicine and normal education, more than 40 departments, departments and groups, with 2,000 students, and became the most comprehensive university in China.
Gu also actively strived for RMB 3 million, then the Executive Dean and Minister of Finance, to build an auditorium and several dormitories for students. This was very rare during the hard War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period.
In the employment system, Gu boldly hired young scholars. At that time, most of the professors who taught in various departments were around 40 years old, and the youngest three "children professors" were all around 30 years old: Weng, a professor in the Department of Geology of the Faculty of Science, Shi Junnian, a professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering of the Institute of Technology, was only 29 years old, and Li Nian, a professor and head of the Department of Geography of the Faculty of Science, was only 30 years old. At that time, the oldest was Professor Liu Yizhi, the graduate tutor of the College of Liberal Arts, who was only 6 1 year old.
In order to fully grasp and assess the level, ability and teaching quality of each professor, Gu Jiang made a list of professors and left two blank pages for each professor. And take turns to invite the graduates of this school 10 to ask their professors' knowledge, ability and methods one by one, and then record them on white paper. He said that it is difficult to ask the truth when visiting students at school. Only by asking graduates can we tell the truth, so as to grasp the basic situation of professors in the whole school. During his tenure as principal, Gu actively supported students and invited celebrities from all walks of life such as Wu, Guo Moruo, Huang Yanpei, Shi Liang and Zhang to give lectures at the school. At that time, the school literary and art groups were active, and wall newspapers mushroomed. These have played a certain role in enlivening students' lives and publicizing the war of resistance against Japan.
1943 One day in February, Chiang Kai-shek held a "Memorial Week" in Fuxingguan, and the principals of major schools in Chongqing were invited to attend the "lecture". The principals obeyed, but the principal Gu refused to obey and appointed Dean Zhou Hongjing as the representative. Chiang Kai-shek was very dissatisfied. In front of everyone, he taunted Professor Zhou Hongyi, a mathematician studying in Britain, and scolded him. Gu learned that he was angry and annoyed and resigned to protest. The news spread like wildfire, and a massive "storm of retaining the principal" broke out on CUHK campus. Under the leadership of the student self-government association, all the students collectively went on strike and walked to Geleshan Forest Park to petition Lin Sen, chairman of the national government, demanding that the principal be retained and refusing the government to send a new principal; "Professors govern schools, academic freedom, and parties withdraw from schools". The wall of Songlinpo Student Self-government Association is also covered with posters to retain President Gu and demand democracy.
However, despite thousands of students waiting outside their residence for two days in tears, Chiang Kai-shek came to comfort them twice and resolutely resigned. Mr. and Mrs. Gu were childless and lived in poverty, illness and loneliness in their later years. Gu Ping seldom speaks, but when he speaks, he always thinks of the mainland and his hometown. He repeatedly said these words to the medical staff around him: "If it can be cured, you can walk. I'll take you back to Beiping in the future. There is a big house in Beiping. Look, I have so many keys. " It's a pity that the old man didn't wait until the leaves took root, which should be the biggest regret in his life.