Generally speaking, common seed capital at home and abroad has the following types:
First, the government seed fund. That is, the investment fund established by the central government and local governments to promote the transformation of technological achievements. Generally speaking, government-funded seed funds have certain preferential nature, and sometimes they are even provided free of charge. Due to its preferential nature and the limitation of the government's financial resources, the government's seed funds are generally demanding and limited.
Second, the seed fund of venture capital institutions. Refers to the investment fund established by venture capital institutions to explore the development prospects of investment projects or pilot projects. Because it is earlier than general venture capital, it can be called pre-venture capital. Because it is a tentative behavior, the investment amount is generally small and the decision is quite cautious.
Third, the angel fund. Angel fund is actually the seed fund of individual behavior, which is the investment before venture capital. It is a personal (or multi-person joint) investment made by people with a lot of capital (that is, "angels"). Judging from the development of foreign countries, especially the United States, the number of angel funds is much larger than that of venture capital institutions.
Fourth, the incubation fund. Incubation fund includes incubator investment and incubation policy fund. Incubator investment refers to various conditions and services provided by incubators in the form of investment, such as office space, office equipment and consulting services. Sometimes a small amount of money will be invested. Because this is an auxiliary seed fund, it is difficult to fully start the investment project only by incubating investment. Incubation policy fund is the policy financial support given by the government or incubator to some specific projects or investors in order to attract investment projects. If returned overseas students start businesses in some incubators, they can get free financial support of 654.38+10,000 yuan.
Seed capital generally has the following characteristics:
From the perspective of investment orientation and activities, the main field of seed capital activities is small and medium-sized enterprises with high growth potential and high-tech content, and the investment object is the future growth potential of enterprises.
From the perspective of income and risk characteristics, seed capital is a kind of high-risk and high-yield capital.
From the form of equity, seed capital is a kind of equity capital.
Judging from the composition of capital elements, venture capital is equity capital that integrates financial capital and human capital.