First, the psychological characteristics of poor college students
1. Optimistic and cheerful
Through the observation of recent college students, the author finds that college students present new personality characteristics in the new period. They are optimistic, cheerful and positive, can face up to their own economic poverty, will not blindly feel inferior, will not blindly complain, can actively face their own problems, and actively seek outside help, and will also take the initiative to find part-time opportunities to improve their conditions. For outside help, they will not be too sensitive or self-abased, can accept it calmly, and will repay the society with their own practical actions.
2. Strong self-esteem and sensitivity
Through the research on the psychology of poor students, the author finds that some poor students in colleges and universities are sensitive to their own problems and have strong self-esteem. It is easy to attribute many problems to their own poverty problems, and they will be particularly sensitive when doing things or interacting with people. This psychological characteristic of poor college students will lead to such a situation. If he is not 100% sure about anything, he will not do it easily. They are always worried about their abilities and afraid of not doing well. This phenomenon is more obvious after they are rated as "poor students". These students pay more attention to themselves and do things carefully for fear that others will blame themselves for doing something wrong and be looked down upon by others. Because of this, they seldom take the initiative to do something. It is easy to lose many opportunities and affect your interpersonal communication.
3. Strong sense of self-efficacy and happiness
Self-efficacy is an individual's overall self-confidence when dealing with challenges from different environments or facing new things. Subjective well-being is the overall evaluation of the quality of life by the evaluator according to his own standards, including life satisfaction and emotional experience. Self-efficacy affects mental health, and subjective well-being is one of the important indicators reflecting the level of mental health. Poor college students have more opportunities to exercise because they are actively looking for part-time jobs. Compared with other students, they are more mature and have strong ability to reflect various problems and cope with various challenges. So they will be more confident and have a strong sense of self-efficacy when dealing with many problems. As far as happiness is concerned, those poor students who can actively face their own problems and improve their situation have a strong sense of control and accomplishment in life and a strong sense of happiness.
4. Strong self-management ability
Self-management ability, that is, self-control, refers to the will quality of being good at controlling one's own actions, which is manifested in two aspects: first, being good at urging oneself to implement the decisions that have been made and overcome all difficulties; Second, be good at restraining negative emotions and impulsive behaviors when doing things. Poor college students have developed the habit of being strict with themselves since childhood because they have been tempered by life for a long time and endured the hardships of life. They live in an orderly way, study meticulously, be down-to-earth, be strict with themselves, strictly observe discipline, make no excuses for themselves, have the courage to undertake what should be done, and never do what should not be done. Therefore, the self-control of poor college students is relatively stronger than that of non-poor college students.
5. Strong achievement motivation
Achievement motivation means that people want to engage in meaningful, difficult and challenging activities, and get excellent results in the activities, and can surpass others' motivation. Poor students come from the bottom of society, and their long-term life is embarrassing, which affects their studies and interpersonal relationships. They expect to change their situation through their own efforts, and then change the fate of themselves and their families. This desire is extremely strong, and the achievement motivation is strong, which is mainly manifested in the following aspects: on the one hand, most poor students study very hard, on the other hand, they actively participate in social practice and exercise themselves through various channels, laying a good foundation for changing their own situation.
6. Negative withdrawal in interpersonal communication
Universities provide a stage for all students to show their talents and abilities, and college students show their talents and youthful vitality by participating in various activities. However, poor students have to work part-time because of economic pressure, and at the same time, they have to take time out to study, spend less time with their roommates, do not attend or rarely attend roommates' parties, lie down and talk, and have classmates' parties. Over time, they seem to be divorced from the collective, alienated from their classmates, and closed themselves in their own small circle, which is a little withdrawn and unsociable.
Second, the causes of psychological characteristics of poor college students
1. Family reasons
Due to family economic reasons, some parents are stiff and not good at talking, so they seem to shrink back and be silent in interpersonal communication. Over time, children's interpersonal relationships will also be affected. In addition, parents scrimp and save, expecting their children to change their fate by studying hard and being admitted to college. Therefore, they are only required to study hard and pay no attention to their children's personality, interpersonal relationship and emotional problems. These problems of children need to be solved by themselves in daily life. It is difficult for parents to understand the pressure their children are under and encounter problems that are difficult to solve. This makes it difficult for poor students to form good psychological quality and learn how to deal with interpersonal relationships.
2. Social reasons
Under the impact of the spring tide of market economy, different values and cultural environment have an impact on poor students through individual personality and behavior. First of all, many poor college students are affected by bad habits such as high consumption and peer comparison, which makes them suffer great psychological pain and pressure. Secondly, some people's prejudice and secular ideas against poor college students in society make some poor college students feel that they are receiving "charity" psychologically, which has dampened their self-esteem, thus aggravating their inferiority complex and negative emotions.
3. Personal reasons
Due to great economic pressure, poor students often take part in work-study programs. Once the work-study program affects the study, poor students will feel guilty, helpless and confused. At the same time, after poor students enter colleges and universities, their original "excellent" status has disappeared because they can't adapt to the teaching and learning methods of colleges and universities. In order to prove that they are still outstanding, and to live up to the expectations of parents, teachers, relatives and friends, most poor students often adhere to the "three points and one line" college life. Monotonous lifestyle, intense study, complicated interpersonal relationships and psychological pressure not to be outdone lead to their psychological imbalance.
Third, the countermeasures of poor college students
Strengthen daily mental health education.
First of all, colleges and universities should make full use of media, internet and other resources to educate students on mental health and cultivate their healthy psychological awareness and sound personality. Colleges and universities can also help poor students correctly understand the poverty problem through individual or group counseling, realize that poverty is not terrible or shameful, help them overcome their inferiority complex, make them full of confidence in their excellent quality, and then actively participate in social practice, improve the status quo through their own efforts, and improve their ability to resist stress and stand on their own feet. Second, colleges and universities should create a good development environment for poor students according to their hobbies. Only when teachers try their best to understand and care for them and let them feel the warmth of home, will poor students have a sense of trust and intimacy with their teachers and be willing to tell their true feelings and difficulties. Third, for poor students, teachers should change the traditional group education mode, understand their personality psychology, cognitive ability and temperament types, and treat them differently. Teachers should consciously arrange them to participate in social activities, set an example of poor students who are self-reliant and self-reliant, encourage them to participate in scientific research activities, and enhance their self-confidence from action.
2. Cultivate poor students' sense of self-reliance.
Colleges and universities should actively guide poor students to discover their own advantages, tap their own potential, and let poor students know that poverty is not terrible, but rather daunting. The school's funding for them is temporary and limited. They need to work hard if they want to get rid of poverty. In addition, for the education of poor students, teachers should give priority to encouragement, praise more and criticize less, be good at discovering their advantages and give them affirmation in time. For those students who are particularly self-reliant and self-reliant, we should set a typical example and carry out study. At the same time, through social practice, work-study program and other ways, the school can let college students get paid through their own labor, thus gaining a sense of psychological accomplishment and establishing a sense of responsibility and mission to society, family and life.
3. Strengthen the education of poor students' outlook on wealth.
In helping and educating poor students, the most fundamental thing is to improve their ideological consciousness and make them realize that poverty is not a crime or a terrible thing. Poverty is only temporary and relative and can be changed. In daily study and life, we should turn poverty into the driving force, learn to be self-reliant, self-reliant and confident, and change our situation through our own efforts. Under the condition of market economy, people's values have changed greatly and they have a new understanding of money. Poor students have become sensitive to money, and some emotions will inevitably arise in the evaluation and distribution of grants. In this regard, teachers should not blindly deny it, but should guide it in a targeted manner.
4. Carry out group consultation
Poor students and non-poor students can enhance mutual understanding through communication. At the same time, the communication between poor students helps them learn how to deal with difficulties, and also helps them get psychological support and help from members in the same situation, enhance their self-confidence, establish excellent personality quality, and improve their interpersonal communication and ability to cope with setbacks. The communication between group members enables poor students to acquire communication skills, improve communication confidence and enhance communication desire, thus improving the negative phenomena in interpersonal communication.
5. Create a collective atmosphere of solidarity and mutual assistance
Poor students live in the big family of the class, and their success and development cannot be separated from the care and help of their classmates. Therefore, it is very important to build a United, harmonious, mutual assistance, mutual understanding and enterprising class group for the cultivation of poor students' good psychological quality. The head teacher should often organize students to carry out high-grade cultural, scientific, recreational and sports activities, so that poor students can strengthen exchanges and communication with others while receiving education, and gradually establish sincere friendship, so that poor students can feel the warmth of the group, help them resolve bad emotions such as loneliness and depression, and further enhance their self-confidence. In addition, in teaching, management and service, teachers should educate infected students to have healthy and perfect personality and noble morality. For poor students, they are more easily influenced by the external environment and infected by others' emotions, which will enable them to absorb strength and nutrition from teachers and form good psychological quality.
6. Enhance self-esteem and self-confidence from practical activities.
Poor students should not only study hard, but also actively participate in work-study programs. Work-study program can improve economic conditions to a certain extent, and at the same time enable poor students to overcome difficulties through practical actions, thus enhancing self-esteem and self-confidence. Through various forms of practical activities, poor students gradually realize that real poverty is the lack of knowledge, information and means to obtain information; Knowing how to have knowledge and the ability to use knowledge is wealth; Your own virtues, such as tenacity, diligence and hard work, are all your own unique qualities. At the same time, poor students should also realize that in a university campus full of talents, we should not blindly pursue achievements to meet the needs of self-esteem. The acquisition of learning ability, the development of creativity and the cultivation of healthy personality are all manifestations of academic achievements.
Poor college students are an important part of college students and a special group. They need not only financial help from society, schools, families and relatives and friends, but also understanding and psychological support and help. Educators in colleges and universities should set out from the reality of poor students and build a scientific psychological support system, so that poor students can have stronger psychological endurance and gratitude consciousness while successfully completing their studies, and go to society with this ability and consciousness to become builders of the future motherland and promoters of the modernization process.
Note: This paper is one of the research results of the project "Research on the Influence of Coping Style, Social Support and Mental Health on Self-reliance Consciousness of Poor College Students" (No.:XZX/08B003 104) funded by the Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of Changzhou Campus of Hohai University.
(Author: Jiangsu Hohai University Changzhou Campus)