International financial institutions International financial institutions refer to supranational organizations engaged in international financial management and activities, which can be divided into global international financial institutions and regional international financial institutions by region. 1. Global international financial institutions 1 and the International Monetary Fund (1MF) were formally established in February 1945 according to the agreement of the International Monetary Fund adopted by the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in Bretton Woods in July 1945, and their headquarters were in the United Nations in Washington, D.C., USA. The purpose of establishing the International Monetary Fund is to help member countries balance international payments, stabilize exchange rates and promote the development of international trade. Its main task is to solve the temporary imbalance of international payments and the demand for foreign exchange funds by providing short-term funds to member countries, thus promoting the stability of exchange rate and the expansion of international trade. According to the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, all countries that participated in the 1944 Bretton Woods Conference and signed the Agreement are called founding members. After that, countries that joined the International Monetary Fund were called other member countries. There is no difference between the legal rights and obligations of the two member States. At the beginning of its establishment, the International Monetary Fund had only 44 member countries. By the end of 1997, it had grown to 184 member countries. China is one of the founding members. Every member country participating in the International Monetary Fund must subscribe for a certain share of the fund. The determination of fund share is closely related to the interests of member countries, because the number of voting rights of member countries and the right to obtain loans from the IMF depend on the size of a country's share. The highest authority of the International Monetary Fund is the Board of Governors, which consists of 1 directors and 65,438 deputy directors appointed by member countries. The Executive Board is the institution responsible for handling the daily affairs of the International Monetary Fund, and consists of 23 members. The source of funds of the International Monetary Fund is not only the shares paid by member countries, but also the money borrowed from member countries and the proceeds from the sale of gold. The main business of the International Monetary Fund is: issuing various loans; Discuss international monetary issues; Providing technical assistance; Collect monetary and financial information; Communication with other international organizations. On April 1980, the International Monetary Fund officially resumed China's legal seat. China appoints directors, deputy directors, directors and deputy executive directors of the International Monetary Fund. At that time, China's share in the IMF was 65.438+0.2 billion SDR, which was later increased to 3.385 billion SDR. 2. The World Bank, also known as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, is another international financial institution established at the same time as the International Monetary Fund in 1944, and also belongs to a specialized agency of the United Nations. It opened on June 1946, and its headquarters is located in Washington, DC. The purpose of the World Bank is to meet the financial needs of member countries for post-war economic recovery and development by providing and organizing long-term loans and investments. According to the agreement, all countries participating in the World Bank must be members of the International Monetary Fund, but not all members of the International Monetary Fund can participate in the World Bank. When the World Bank was founded, there were 39 member countries. Up to now, it has increased to 18 1 member countries. All member States are required to subscribe for shares of the World Bank, and the subscription amount shall be negotiated between the applicant country and the World Bank and approved by the board of directors. Generally speaking, the number of shares subscribed by a country is based on its economic and financial strength and depends on its share in the IMF. The voting rights of members of the World Bank are in direct proportion to the subscribed share capital. The highest authority of the World Bank is the Board of Directors, which consists of a director and a deputy director appointed by member countries. The Council holds its annual meeting jointly with the International Monetary Fund every September. The Executive Board of Directors is the institution responsible for the daily business of the World Bank, which is composed of 265,438+0 people. In addition to the share paid by member countries, the World Bank's sources of funds include borrowing from the international financial market, transferring creditor's rights and profit income. Its main business activities are providing loans, technical assistance and leading international syndicated loans. China is one of the founding members of the World Bank. The World Bank officially resumed China's representation on May 5th. 1980. China's contribution to the World Bank accounts for about one third of the total shares of the World Bank. At the end of 1987, the government of China reached an agreement with the World Bank to jointly carry out project research on enterprise reform, finance and taxation, housing, social insurance and agriculture in China. 3. The International Development Association is a subsidiary of the World Bank. IDA was established in September 1960, and its headquarters is in Washington, DC, USA. All members of the World Bank can participate in this institution. Up to now, IDA has 160 member countries. The purpose of the International Development Association is to provide loans with extremely favorable conditions to poorer developing countries and accelerate their economic construction. International Development Association holds annual meeting with World Bank. In addition to the share capital subscribed by member countries, the sources of funds of IDA include supplementary funds provided by governments, grants from the World Bank and the business income of IDA. At the same time, China naturally became a member of the International Development Association. 4.IFC International Finance Corporation, a subsidiary of the World Bank, was established in July 1956. 1957, the same? The United Nations signed an agreement to become a specialized agency of the United Nations. Member countries participating in international finance companies must be members of the World Bank. Up to now, there are 174 member countries. The purpose of IFC is to encourage the growth of private enterprises in member countries (especially in underdeveloped countries) to promote the economic development of member countries, thus supplementing the activities of the World Bank. The main source of funds for IFC is the share capital contributed by member countries, followed by borrowing from the World Bank and international financial markets. Its main business activity is to provide loans to private enterprises in member countries without government guarantee. China has also become a member of the International Finance Corporation (IFC) while resuming its legal seat in the World Bank. Since 1990s, China has maintained close business ties with international finance companies, and its capital has become an important channel for China to introduce foreign capital. 5. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency is a newly established subsidiary of the World Bank in 1988. The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency * * * has 15 1 member countries. Its purpose is to provide political risk and non-commercial risk insurance for foreign private investment in developing countries, and to help developing countries formulate strategies to attract foreign direct investment. Two. Regional international financial institutions 1. Bank for International Settlements Bank for International Settlements is a syndicate * composed of the central banks of Britain, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium and Japan, and three banks representing the interests of American banking, namely Morgan Bank, Citibank of new york and Citibank of Chicago, according to the Hague International Agreement signed in The Hague, the Netherlands on October 20th. The purpose of the Bank for International Settlements is to deal with the payment of German reparations after World War I and to settle the international settlement in Germany. 1944, according to the resolution of the Bretton Woods Conference, the bank should be closed, but the United States still retains it as a subsidiary of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Since then, the purpose of the bank has changed to strengthen cooperation among central banks of various countries, provide additional convenience for international financial business, and act as an agent or trustee for international settlement. The highest authority of the Bank for International Settlements is the shareholders' meeting, which is composed of representatives of central banks of various countries who subscribe for the shares of the Bank. The shareholders' meeting is held once a year. The board of directors leads the daily business of the bank. The Board of Directors consists of the Banking Department, the Monetary and Economic Department, the Secretariat and the Legal Department. The capital of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) mainly comes from the shares paid by member countries. In addition, it also borrows from the central banks of member countries to absorb a large number of customer deposits. Its main business activities are: handling international settlement business; Handle various banking services, such as deposits, loans and discounts; Buying and selling gold, foreign exchange and bonds; Dealing with gold mines; Discuss important issues related to international money and finance. As the activity center of the IMF Group of Ten (representing the interests of developed countries), the Bank for International Settlements often convenes meetings between the members of the Group and the governor of the Swiss National Bank, which are held in Basel on the first weekend of each month. 2. The European Investment Bank (EIB) is a European financial institution established on March 25th, 1957 according to the relevant provisions of the European Treaty (Treaty of Rome). Its members are all members of the European Community, and its address is in Luxembourg. The purpose of the European Investment Bank is to promote the balanced and stable development of the European market by using the funds of the international capital market and the European Community. The main business activities of the bank are to provide loans and guarantees on a non-profit basis to finance development projects in underdeveloped areas, transform and modernize existing enterprises and carry out new activities. Its main source of funds is borrowing from the European money market. 3. Asian Development Bank The Asian Development Bank was established in March 1965 in accordance with the Agreement on the Establishment of the Asian Development Bank signed at the 2nd1session of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. 1966165438+10 was formally established in Tokyo, Japan, and opened in February of the same year with its address in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. The purpose of the Asian Development Bank is to raise funds for development plans in the Asia-Pacific region, provide technical assistance, help coordinate policies of member countries in economy, trade and development, and cooperate with the United Nations and its specialized agencies to promote economic development in the region. Its main sources of funds are the shares paid by member countries, the Asian Development Fund and the issuance of bonds in the international financial market. 4. African Development Bank Under the auspices of the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, the African Development Bank was formally established in September of 1964 and started its business in July of 1966, with its address in Abidjan, the capital of C? te d 'Ivoire. The purpose of the African Development Bank is to provide funds for the economic and social development of its member countries, coordinate their development plans and promote economic integration in Africa. Its main sources of funds are the share capital subscribed by member countries and loans from the international financial market. 5. Inter-American Development Bank The Inter-American Development Bank was formally established on February 30, 1959, 1960,1,and its business address is located in Washington, D.C. The purpose of the Inter-American Development Bank is to mobilize domestic and foreign funds, provide project loans and technical assistance for the economic and social development of Latin American countries, and promote the economic development of Latin America. Its sources of funds are mainly shares subscribed by member countries, loans from international financial markets and deposits from more developed member countries.