source of information: innovative medical network

the classification of modern medical research can be divided into basic medicine, clinical medicine, preventive medicine and health management research along the classification of natural science. The research objects include normal people, patients, animals (experimental animals) and the natural and social environment on which organisms depend. Including investigation and research: In order to understand the health status of the population (the distribution of diseases, prevalence rate, incidence rate, mortality rate and the level and fluctuation of mortality rate) and study the pathogenic or protective effects of environmental factors, researchers must conduct careful investigation and design in combination with their majors. Investigation design is the guide and basis of investigation and research work, and it is also the guarantee of accurate and reliable investigation results. The characteristic of survey design is that the research factors exist objectively, such as occupation, region and nationality. Randomized grouping cannot be used to balance the influence of mixed factors on the survey results, so the focus is on the design of questionnaire, analysis table and sampling method. ② Clinical trial: The content of clinical medical research is very extensive, including studies in the fields of etiology, diagnosis, curative effect and prognosis. Limited to space, we will only elaborate on the observation of curative effect. The content of curative effect research includes the effects of drugs, surgery and physical and chemical factors, as well as the auxiliary and preventive measures such as nutrition and nursing, and it can also be the study of a complete set of treatment schemes or a specific form of treatment measures. According to different purposes, the indexes of curative effect research can be: survival or death, recovery or unhealed, effectiveness or ineffectiveness, existence or disappearance of symptoms or signs, changes of physiological and biochemical indexes and side effects, etc. How to evaluate the clinical efficacy, we should pay attention to the type of experimental design, the scientific nature of the subjects (drugs, surgery, physical and chemical factors, etc.), the representativeness of the subjects and the correctness of their diagnosis, and the unity and reliability of the efficacy indicators. ③ Experimental study: Randomly assign a number of randomly selected experimental subjects to two or more treatment groups, and observe and compare the effects of different treatment factors. This study is called experimental study. The characteristics of experimental research are: researchers can artificially set processing factors; The types or levels of factors that the subjects accept are determined by random distribution. Therefore, experimental research can control the error more effectively, and make various experimental factors included in fewer experiments. Experimental research in a broad sense includes animal experiments, clinical trials and community intervention experiments.