Unfortunately, shockley is a talented scientist, but he lacks management ability; He is ambitious, but he knows nothing about management. Terman once commented: "In the eyes of talented young people, Shockley is a very attractive figure, but it is difficult for them to have anything to do with him." During this year, the laboratory didn't develop any decent products. Eight young people began to plan to leave without telling shockley. Under the leadership of Noyce, they submitted their resignation to shockley. Shockley angrily called them "traitorous group of eight". The young people looked at each other, but left Bole, Bole attracted them, and then they got together. However, even Shockley himself later changed his mind and called them "the rebellion of the Eight Geniuses". In many books and periodicals in Silicon Valley, the photos of "Eight Rebellions" belong to the same level as HP's garage and have the same historical value.
Ba Inverse found a photographic equipment company in new york to invest and start a business for them. The name of this company is fairchild, which is transliterated as Fairchild, but it is usually translated as Fairchild. Fairchild is not only an entrepreneur, but also an inventor. His inventions are mainly in the aviation field, including sealed cabin aircraft, folding wings and so on. Because the products were very popular, he split the company into two parts at 1936, in which Fairchild photographic equipment company produced cameras and electronic equipment. When eight rebels asked him for cooperation, Mr. fairchild, who was over 60 years old, provided them with only $3,600 in venture capital, asking them to develop and produce commercial semiconductor devices, and enjoyed the purchase privilege for two years. As a result, the enterprise founded by the "eight anti-"was officially named Fairchild Semiconductor Company, and Noyce was Fairchild's first. 1957 10, Fairchild Semiconductor Company rented a small room on Charleston Road, Yaowang Mountain, Silicon Valley, which is almost far from shockley Laboratory and Hewlett-Packard Company's garage. Fairy Boys are discussing the manufacture of a transistor based on double diffusion, which replaces the traditional germanium material with silicon. This technology has not been completed in their laboratory in shockley, but it has not received the attention of shockley. Fairchild photographic equipment company promised to provide financial resources, totaling $6,543,800+0.5 million. Noyce divided the work among his partners, Henny and Moore were responsible for studying new diffusion technology, while he himself specialized in plane photography with grating.
Development 1958 65438+ 10 month, the blue giant IBM placed their first order, ordering 100 silicon transistors for the company's computer memory. By the end of 1958, the "eight anti-"small company had sales of 500,000 and employees of 100. Relying on the advantages of technological innovation, it has become the fastest growing company in Silicon Valley.
Fairchild Semiconductor Co., Ltd. has developed rapidly under the careful planning of Noyce, and at the same time, a set of plane processing technology for manufacturing transistors has become increasingly mature. Genius scientist Henny is the best among "fairies". Like magic, he squeezed the oxide layer on the silicon surface to the maximum. Fairchild Semiconductor has different methods of manufacturing transistors. First, they diffuse impurities with semiconductor characteristics onto high-purity silicon wafers. The transistor structure is painted on the mask, reduced by photolithography, developed on the oxide layer on the surface of the silicon wafer, and then removed by photolithography. The whole process of diffusion, masking, photography and lithography is called plane processing technology, which marks a leap in the mass production of silicon transistors, and also opens a wonderful door for "Fairchild" to see an bottomless abyss: since this method can make a transistor, why can't it be dozens, hundreds or even thousands? 1959 65438+1October 23rd, Noyce recorded this greatest idea in detail in his diary, which was also regarded as the craziest idea by people at that time.
1959 In February, Noyce was shocked by the news that J.kilby, an engineer of Texas Instruments Company (TI), applied for the first patent for the invention of integrated circuits. He immediately called the "Eight Rebels" to discuss countermeasures. TI Kilby's difficult problems, such as twice diffusion on silicon wafer and interconnection of wires, are Fairchild's specialty. Noyce suggested that the hot wire can be replaced by vapor deposition of metal, which is the best way to solve the interconnection of components. Fairchild Semiconductor began to catch up. On July 30th, 1959, they also applied for a patent in the US Patent Office. In order to compete for the invention right of integrated circuits, the two companies began a protracted dispute. 1966, kilby and Noyce were awarded the "Balandin" medal by Franklin Institute at the same time. Kilby is known as "the first inventor of integrated circuits", and Noyce is known as "the person who put forward the theory of integrated circuits suitable for industrial production". 1969, the final judgment of the court was issued, and the integrated circuit was actually recognized as a simultaneous invention in law.
1960, Fairchild semiconductor company achieved further development and success. Because the invention of the integrated circuit made it famous, the parent company Fairchild Photography Equipment Company decided to buy its shares at a price of 3 million US dollars, and each of the "eight rebels" owned shares worth 250,000 US dollars. 1964, Dr. Moore, one of the founders of Fairchild Semiconductor, published a strange law, which was only three pages long. Moore's Genius predicts that the number of transistors that can be integrated on an integrated circuit will increase steadily every 18 months, and this trend will be maintained in the next few decades. This prediction of Moore was proved by the later development of integrated circuits, and kept its validity for a long time. Known as "Moore's Law", IT has become the "first law" in the IT field.
Fairchild Semiconductor, which declined in the 1960s, entered a golden age. By 1967, the company's turnover was close to 200 million dollars, which was astronomical at that time. According to Dr. Yu Youcheng (now vice president of Intel Corporation in China), "Entering Fairchild Company means stepping into the gate of Silicon Valley semiconductor industry." However, it was during this period that Fairchild began to breed crisis. The general manager of the parent company keeps shifting profits to the East Coast to support the profitability of Fairchild Photographic Equipment Company. After witnessing the unfairness of the parent company, Henny, Roberts and Claire in Eight Rebellions first left angrily and set up Nelko Company. It is said that Henny later founded as many as 12 new companies. Subsequently, Glass, another member of the "Eight Anti-Movement", left Fairchild with several people and founded Signay Tix Semiconductor Company. Since then, a large number of talent elites have poured into Fairchild and left their jobs to start businesses. As a result, talents have left Fairchild. In the end, Spock turned NSC into the sixth largest semiconductor manufacturer in the world. Sanders founded AMD, and Noyce and Moore founded Intel. This is the whole process of Fairchild.
The company has influenced the name "Fairchild", which will always be remembered and admired by the world, and has made incomparable contributions to the semiconductor industry and even the whole world. To quote Steve Jobs, president of Apple, "Fairchild Semiconductor is like a mature dandelion. As soon as you blow, the seeds of this entrepreneurial spirit will fly everywhere with the wind. " Fairchild Semiconductor has unique transistor manufacturing methods, such as diffusion, masking, photography and lithography. The whole process is called planar processing technology, which marks a leap in the large-scale production of silicon transistors. At the semiconductor engineer conference on 1969, only 24 of the 400 participants had no experience in Fairchild on their resumes.